Uses of crispr
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Uses of CRISPR: A Comprehensive Overview
CRISPR in Genome Editing and Biomedical Research
Genome Editing and Disease Treatment
CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionized genome editing by enabling precise, site-specific modifications in DNA. This has been instrumental in both basic research and therapeutic applications. In research, CRISPR is used to control transcription, modify epigenomes, conduct genome-wide screens, and image chromosomes1. Clinically, CRISPR is being used to alleviate genetic disorders in animals and is expected to treat human diseases such as those affecting the eye and blood. Notably, clinical trials for targeted cancer therapies using CRISPR-Cas9 have been approved in China and the United States1.
Cancer Research and Therapeutics
CRISPR has significantly advanced cancer research by facilitating the development of study models and genetic screening studies aimed at discovering and validating therapeutic targets. It is also being adapted to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies, reduce toxicity, and lower manufacturing costs. Additionally, CRISPR can be used to detect low numbers of cancer cells or rare mutations in clinical samples, making it a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis and treatment4.
CRISPR in Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Therapy
Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies
CRISPR technology is being harnessed to create rapid, low-cost diagnostic systems for infectious diseases. It can identify drug-resistance genes and target pathogenic DNA or RNA sequences. Therapeutic strategies include cleaving integrated viral genomes and targeting resistant bacteria. CRISPR-based therapies for emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, have also been proposed. Moreover, CRISPR can reprogram human B cells to produce neutralizing antibodies, offering a novel approach to combating infections2.
CRISPR in Agriculture and Crop Improvement
Plant Genome Editing
CRISPR-Cas9 has opened new opportunities in agriculture by enabling precise genome editing in plants. This technology has been used to improve yield performance, biofortification, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Rice is one of the most studied crops in this context. CRISPR has also been key in regulating molecular biosynthesis and modifying functional components like proteins, starch, and oil, thereby enhancing crop yield and stress tolerance5.
Livestock Breeding and Disease Control
Beyond crops, CRISPR is being used to expedite livestock breeding and control disease-carrying insects through gene drives. These applications aim to improve the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural practices1.
CRISPR in Industrial Biotechnology
Microbial Engineering
CRISPR-Cas systems are being utilized in industrial biotechnology for microbial engineering. Applications include bacterial strain typing, immunization of cultures, and engineering metabolic pathways for improved biochemical synthesis. This technology is also used for the production of industrially significant metabolites, including biofuels and pharmaceuticals, by controlling metabolic flux in bacteria like Escherichia coli9 10.
CRISPR in Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Stem Cell Manipulation
CRISPR technology is pivotal in stem cell engineering and regenerative medicine. It allows for the precise manipulation of stem cell fate in vitro and has applications in preventing retinal and muscular degeneration, neural regeneration, bone regeneration, and cartilage tissue engineering. CRISPR is also being explored for treating diseases in blood, skin, and liver6.
CRISPR in Cellular Immunotherapy
Immune Cell Engineering
CRISPR has transformed cellular immunotherapy by enabling direct genomic manipulation of immune cells. This facilitates functional genetic screens to discover novel factors that regulate immune responses, offering new drug targets. The engineering of immune cells using CRISPR has led to numerous clinical trials, highlighting its potential in developing advanced immunotherapies7.
Conclusion
CRISPR technology has a wide array of applications across various fields, from genome editing and disease treatment to agriculture and industrial biotechnology. Its ability to precisely edit genetic material has opened new avenues for research and therapeutic interventions, making it a cornerstone of modern molecular biology. As the technology continues to evolve, its potential uses are likely to expand even further, offering innovative solutions to some of the most challenging problems in science and medicine.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Applications of CRISPR technologies in research and beyond
CRISPR technologies enable efficient, site-specific genome engineering in single cells and whole organisms, with potential applications in research, medicine, agriculture, and controlling disease-carrying insects.
Rigorous Journal
Highly CitedCRISPR-based strategies in infectious disease diagnosis and therapy
CRISPR systems have broad applicability in infectious diseases, offering solutions to many of the most challenging human infections through rapid, low-cost diagnostic systems and targeted therapeutic approaches.
Systematic ReviewCRISPR/Cas: a Nobel Prize award-winning precise genome editing technology for gene therapy and crop improvement
CRISPR/Cas technology revolutionizes biomedical and agricultural fields by enhancing disease detection, gene therapy, and crop improvement.
Highly CitedCRISPR–Cas: a tool for cancer research and therapeutics
CRISPR systems have revolutionized cancer research by accelerating the development of study models, facilitating the discovery of new targets, and potentially aiding in cancer detection and therapy development.
Highly CitedUse of CRISPR systems in plant genome editing: toward new opportunities in agriculture
CRISPR systems in plants can improve yield performance, biofortification, and stress tolerance, with rice being the most studied crop.
Systematic ReviewHighly CitedCRISPR technologies for stem cell engineering and regenerative medicine.
CRISPR technologies show promise in stem cell engineering and regenerative medicine, offering potential for treating diseases like retinal and muscular degeneration, neural regeneration, bone regeneration, and cartilage tissue engineering.
Applications of CRISPR technology in cellular immunotherapy
CRISPR technology revolutionizes cellular immunotherapy by enabling direct genomic manipulation of immune cells, leading to the discovery of novel drug targets and ongoing clinical trials.
CRISPR: development of a technology and its applications
CRISPR technology has revolutionized molecular biology by enabling precise genome editing and defending bacteria against infectious organisms.
Advances in Industrial Biotechnology Using CRISPR-Cas Systems.
CRISPR-Cas systems offer efficient and easily programmable tools for precision breeding, microbial engineering, and biochemical synthesis in industrial biotechnology applications.
Highly CitedApplications of CRISPR/Cas System to Bacterial Metabolic Engineering
CRISPR/Cas technology can increase bacterial productivity and yield by controlling metabolic flux, with potential applications in biochemical, biofuel, and pharmaceutical production.
Highly Cited