Vitamin b2 side effects

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Side Effects of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Introduction to Vitamin B2

Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in energy production and the metabolism of fats, drugs, and steroids. It is also important for maintaining healthy skin and eyes. Despite its benefits, there are potential side effects associated with its consumption, especially at high doses.

Common Side Effects of Vitamin B2

Gastrointestinal Disturbances

One of the most commonly reported side effects of vitamin B2 is gastrointestinal discomfort. This can include symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These effects are generally mild and tend to occur when the vitamin is taken in large doses.

Urine Discoloration

A harmless but noticeable side effect of riboflavin supplementation is the bright yellow discoloration of urine. This occurs because riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, and excess amounts are excreted through the urine, giving it a distinct color.

Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Interestingly, vitamin B2 has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory properties. Research has shown that highly purified vitamin B2 can inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in endotoxin-induced shock in mice. This suggests that riboflavin may have protective effects against inflammation and septic shock .

Impact on Depression

A systematic review and meta-analysis have indicated that dietary intake of vitamin B2 may be inversely associated with the risk of depression. This effect was found to be more significant in females than in males. The study suggests that higher dietary intake of vitamin B2 could potentially lower the risk of developing depression .

Conclusion

While vitamin B2 is generally safe and beneficial for health, it can cause some mild side effects, particularly at high doses. These include gastrointestinal disturbances and urine discoloration. On the positive side, riboflavin may have anti-inflammatory properties and could potentially reduce the risk of depression, especially in females. As with any supplement, it is important to use vitamin B2 as directed and consult with a healthcare provider if any adverse effects are experienced.

Sources and full results

Most relevant research papers on this topic

Side-effects of a Preparation of Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 injections from Streptomyces griseus fermentation liquors may cause side-effects, and factors like age and gender may predispose to their occurrence.

1952·

18citations

·P. Bedford

Inhibitory mechanisms of highly purified vitamin B2 on the productions of proinflammatory cytokine and NO in endotoxin-induced shock in mice.

Highly purified vitamin B2 reduces inflammation and septic shock by inhibiting cytokine production and iNOS expression in endotoxin-induced shock mice.

Non-RCTAnimal Study

2005·

38citations

·K. Kodama et al.

Associations of dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with the risk of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Intake of dietary vitamins B1, B2, B6, and B12 may be inversely associated with depression risk, with significant inverse associations observed in females but not in males.

Meta-Analysis

2021·

43citations

·Yanjun Wu et al.

Effect of physiological doses of oral vitamin B12 on plasma homocysteine: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in India

Daily oral supplementation with physiological doses of vitamin B12 effectively reduces plasma total homocysteine levels, without additional benefits or adverse effects.

RCTLarge Human Trial

2010·

51citations

·Urmila S. Deshmukh et al.

Effectiveness of Vitamin B2 versus Sodium Valproate in Migraine Prophylaxis: a randomized clinical trial

Vitamin B2 and sodium valproate both reduce migraine attacks, but vitamin B2 has fewer complications and adverse effects, making it a potential alternative for patients who cannot take sodium valproate or have adverse side effects.

RCTRigorous Journal

2015·

26citations

·A. Rahimdel et al.

Vitamin B2 intake reduces the risk for colorectal cancer: a dose–response analysis

Vitamin B2 intake is inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk, with a 10% reduction in risk when vitamin B2 intake reaches 5 mg/day.

Meta-AnalysisRigorous Journal

2019·

19citations

·S. Ben et al.

Supplementation with Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) for Migraine Prophylaxis in Adults and Children: A Review.

Riboflavin supplementation is a safe and well-tolerated option for reducing migraine symptoms in adults, but more evidence is needed to recommend its use as an adjunct therapy for both adults and children with migraine.

Systematic Review

2015·

31citations

·N. Namazi et al.

Evaluating the Effects of Different Doses of Vitamin B2 and Single Dose of Vitamin B12 Against Myelosuppression Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Experimental Rats

Vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 may have myeloprotective effects against cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression in rats.

RCTAnimal Study

2020·

6citations

·Waleed K. Ghanim et al.

Anti-Tumor Effects of Vitamin B2, B6 and B9 in Promonocytic Lymphoma Cells

Vitamin B2, B6, and B9 show anti-tumorigenic effects on pro-monocytic lymphoma cells, potentially reducing cancer cell growth in vivo.

In Vitro Study

2019·

47citations

·Kathleen Mikkelsen et al.

Effects of vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin B6 supplements in elderly people with normal serum vitamin concentrations

Vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin B6 supplements effectively reduce metabolic evidence of vitamin deficiency in elderly individuals with normal serum vitamin levels.

RCTHighly Cited

1995·

318citations

·H. Naurath et al.

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