Vitamin c solubility in water
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Vitamin C Solubility in Water: Key Properties
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is classified as a water-soluble vitamin, meaning it dissolves readily in water and is not stored in the body for long periods. This property is fundamental to its absorption and physiological function, as the body requires a continuous dietary supply to maintain adequate levels 4578.
Quantitative Solubility of Vitamin C in Water
Experimental studies have measured the solubility of vitamin C in water at different temperatures. Results show that vitamin C has high solubility in water, especially when compared to its solubility in less polar solvents like propan-1-ol or mixtures with lower water content. For example, at both 298.15 K and 308.15 K, vitamin C dissolves much more in water than in alcohols, highlighting the strong interaction between vitamin C and water molecules 13.
Molecular Interactions and Preferential Solvation
Vitamin C’s high solubility in water is due to its molecular structure, which allows it to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Studies on solvent mixtures confirm that vitamin C is preferentially surrounded by water molecules rather than alcohols in mixed solvents. This is attributed to vitamin C acting as a Lewis base, interacting with the acidic hydrogen atoms of water, and the structuring of water molecules around the vitamin C molecule 23.
Implications for Absorption and Use
Because vitamin C is water-soluble, it is easily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract but is not stored in significant amounts in the body. Any excess is excreted, so regular intake is necessary to prevent deficiency. This property also means that vitamin C can be efficiently formulated in aqueous solutions for pharmaceutical and nutritional applications 45678.
Conclusion
Vitamin C is highly soluble in water due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds and interact strongly with water molecules. This solubility is crucial for its biological function, absorption, and the need for regular dietary intake. The high water solubility of vitamin C distinguishes it from fat-soluble vitamins and underpins its role in human health and nutrition 1234578.
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