Vitamin classification

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Vitamin Classification: Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins are essential nutrients that the body needs in small amounts for various metabolic functions. The most common and widely accepted way to classify vitamins is based on their solubility: fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. This classification is important because it determines how vitamins are absorbed, transported, stored, and excreted in the body 12610.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in fats and oils and are usually stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver. The main fat-soluble vitamins are:

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K

These vitamins are absorbed along with dietary fat and can accumulate in the body, which means that excessive intake can sometimes lead to toxicity. Fat-soluble vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods, both plant and animal-based 12610.

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and are not stored in large amounts in the body. They include:

Vitamin C
The B-complex vitamins (such as B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12)

Because they are not stored, excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are usually excreted in urine, making toxicity rare. However, regular intake is necessary to avoid deficiencies. These vitamins are largely absorbed in the small intestine, and their bioavailability can depend on food composition and interactions 2610.

Biological Functions and Importance of Vitamin Classification

The classification of vitamins by solubility is closely linked to their physiological roles and how the body handles them. Fat-soluble vitamins often function as hormones or antioxidants, while water-soluble vitamins typically act as coenzymes or electron carriers in metabolic reactions 126.

Vitamin deficiencies can lead to serious health problems. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause blindness and increase infection risk, while deficiencies in B vitamins or vitamin C can result in a range of metabolic and immune issues 126.

Vitamin-Like Compounds and Conditional Essentiality

In addition to the classic vitamins, there are vitamin-like compounds and phytonutrients that are sometimes considered conditionally essential for health. These compounds may not meet the strict definition of a vitamin but can play important roles in certain physiological conditions or life stages .

Modern Approaches to Vitamin Classification and Detection

Recent research has explored advanced methods for classifying and detecting vitamin deficiencies, including the use of machine learning and image analysis. These technologies can help identify specific vitamin deficiencies more accurately and efficiently, supporting early intervention and personalized healthcare 349.

Conclusion

Vitamins are classified primarily by their solubility into fat-soluble and water-soluble groups, which influences their absorption, storage, and function in the body. This classification helps guide dietary recommendations, supplementation, and the management of deficiencies. Understanding these categories is essential for maintaining health and preventing disease 12610.

Sources and full results

Most relevant research papers on this topic

Vitamins, vitamin-like compounds and phytonutrients

Vitamins, phytonutrients, and vitamin-like compounds are essential nutrients, with their classification based on solubility in fat or water, and their functions varying across different species.

2020·

2citations

·M. Wahlqvist et al.

Structure and Biological Function of Vitamins

Vitamins play a crucial role in maintaining good health, with their structure and properties influencing deficiencies caused by water-insoluble and water-soluble vitamins.

2021·

0citations

Early Detection and Classification of Vitamin Deficiency Using CNN

The AlexNet CNN algorithm accurately detects and classifies vitamin deficiencies with around 70% accuracy, improving diagnostic accuracy and personalized medicine.

2024·

0citations

·Vyshnavi Karnati et al.

Diagnosis of Vitamin Deficiency in Human Beings using DNN Algorithm

The proposed RCNN-based classification system accurately diagnoses vitamin deficiency in skin surface microscopy images, enhancing therapy efficacy for patients and healthcare practitioners.

2023·

3citations

·E. K et al.

Classification of Vitamin D Status Based on Vitamin D Metabolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Hypertensive Patients

A low vitamin D metabolite profile does not identify individuals who significantly benefit from vitamin D supplementation for bone markers and cardiovascular risk factors.

RCT

2024·

2citations

·S. Zelzer et al.

Revisiting food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs: a perspective review, from vitamin classification, metabolic functions, absorption, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements

Food-sourced vitamins are essential for human metabolism and health, with their bioavailability dependent on food composition and interactions, and their toxicity from supplementation is rare.

Systematic ReviewRigorous Journal

2021·

46citations

·C. Ofoedu et al.

Peer Review #2 of "Revisiting food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs: a perspective review, from vitamin classification, metabolic functions, absorption, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements (v0.2)"

Food-sourced vitamins are essential for human metabolism and health, with their bioavailability dependent on food composition and interactions.

Systematic ReviewRigorous Journal

2021·

0citations

·G. Pareek

Classification of Fruits High in Vitamin C Using Self-Organizing Map and the K-Means Clustering Algorithm

The developed model accurately classifies high-vitamin C fruits based on images with an accuracy of 93.33%.

2023·

1citation

·Nuke L. Chusna et al.

Explainable Machine Learning for Vitamin A Deficiency Classification in Schoolchildren

The SVC model effectively classifies vitamin A deficiency in children using existing health records, with high accuracy and clinical explainability.

2022·

4citations

·Jayroop Ramesh et al.

A-054 Comparison of a Reformulated Vitamin D Immunoassay, Its Predecessor, and Two Contemporary Formulations

Current vitamin D immunoassays show good agreement across platforms, with vitamin D2 recovery no longer a clinical concern, and generally result in correct clinical classification.

2023·

0citations

·K. A. Geno et al.

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