What are the symptoms of low calcium
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Symptoms of Low Calcium (Hypocalcemia)
Neuromuscular Irritability and Tetany
One of the primary symptoms of low calcium, or hypocalcemia, is neuromuscular irritability. This can manifest as muscle cramps, spasms, or twitching, commonly referred to as tetany. These symptoms are often acute and can be severe, requiring immediate medical intervention such as intravenous calcium administration to resolve the symptoms quickly 13.
Seizures and Convulsions
Severe hypocalcemia can lead to seizures and convulsions. These symptoms are particularly noted in newborns with low calcium levels, where facial twitching and convulsions can occur within the first few days of life. Intensive calcium therapy is often required to manage these symptoms effectively 3.
Chronic Hypocalcemia Symptoms
In cases of chronic hypocalcemia, the symptoms can be more subtle and may include fatigue, muscle weakness, and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression or anxiety. Chronic conditions like hypoparathyroidism, which impairs the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), are common causes of long-term low calcium levels 16.
Gastrointestinal and Musculoskeletal Symptoms
Low calcium intake is also associated with gastrointestinal issues and musculoskeletal symptoms. These can include abdominal pain, muscle cramps, and joint pain. In some cases, very high or very low calcium intake can exacerbate these symptoms, indicating the importance of balanced calcium levels for overall health 6.
Skeletal and Non-Skeletal Fluorosis
In regions with high fluoride levels, such as the Ethiopian Rift Valley, low calcium intake can worsen symptoms of skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis. Women with low dietary calcium intake in these areas are more likely to experience skeletal rigidity, joint pains, and muscular weakness 7.
Conclusion
Low calcium levels can lead to a range of symptoms, from acute neuromuscular irritability and seizures to more chronic issues like muscle weakness and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Proper management and balanced calcium intake are crucial for preventing and alleviating these symptoms.
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