What are the symptoms of scurvy
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Symptoms of Scurvy: A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction to Scurvy Symptoms
Scurvy, a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency, manifests through a variety of symptoms that can affect multiple body systems. This article synthesizes findings from several research studies to provide a detailed overview of the symptoms associated with scurvy.
General and Constitutional Symptoms
One of the earliest and most common symptoms of scurvy is fatigue, which occurs after several weeks of inadequate vitamin C intake 24. Patients often experience general weakness, malaise, and lethargy, which can significantly impact daily activities 510.
Cutaneous Manifestations
Scurvy frequently presents with distinctive skin changes. These include follicular hyperkeratosis, perifollicular hemorrhages, ecchymoses, and petechiae 210. Patients may also exhibit xerosis (dry skin) and hyperkeratotic skin changes . These cutaneous symptoms are often accompanied by poor wound healing and bent or coiled body hairs .
Musculoskeletal Symptoms
Musculoskeletal complaints are prevalent in scurvy, with patients often reporting arthralgia (joint pain), myalgia (muscle pain), and hemarthrosis (bleeding into joints) 310. Lower limb pain and swelling are particularly common, sometimes leading to an inability to walk 89. Imaging studies may reveal osteolysis, joint space loss, osteonecrosis, and periosteal proliferation .
Oral and Gum Abnormalities
Gum abnormalities are a hallmark of scurvy, especially in patients with teeth. Symptoms include gingival swelling, purplish discoloration, and hemorrhages 24. These oral manifestations can lead to significant discomfort and are often one of the more noticeable signs of the disease.
Hematologic Symptoms
Anemia is a frequent finding in scurvy, often accompanied by leukopenia (low white blood cell count) 210. Patients may also present with elevated inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels 18.
Vascular and Systemic Symptoms
Scurvy can cause vascular purpura and bleeding, which are due to the weakened blood vessels resulting from vitamin C deficiency . In severe cases, patients may experience syncope (fainting) and sudden death . Other systemic symptoms include leg edema and chest pain .
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms
Although less common, scurvy can also affect the central nervous system, leading to neuropsychiatric symptoms. These may include mood changes, depression, and cognitive impairments .
Conclusion
Scurvy presents with a wide range of symptoms affecting various body systems. Early recognition and treatment with vitamin C supplementation can lead to rapid and dramatic improvement in symptoms. Awareness of these diverse manifestations is crucial for timely diagnosis and management, especially in populations at risk due to poor nutrition or specific dietary habits.
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