What blood test determines anemia

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Blood Tests for Determining Anemia

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Test

The primary blood test used to diagnose anemia is the Complete Blood Count (CBC). This test measures various components of the blood, including the number, size, volume, and hemoglobin content of red blood cells (RBCs) 134. The CBC provides comprehensive information that helps in the classification of anemia, such as identifying whether it is microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic .

Red Cell Indices and Morphology

Red cell indices, which are part of the CBC, offer crucial clues for diagnosing anemia. These indices include hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and red cell distribution width (RDW) . The morphology of red blood cells, observed through a peripheral smear, further aids in typing the anemia .

Reticulocyte Count

The reticulocyte count is another important test that serves as a useful screen for hemolysis or blood loss. It helps in understanding whether the bone marrow is producing red blood cells at an appropriate rate .

Specific Biochemical Tests

Once anemia is confirmed through CBC and reticulocyte count, specific biochemical tests are conducted to determine the underlying cause. These tests may include serum iron levels, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin levels, folic acid levels, and vitamin B12 levels . These tests help in differentiating between various types of anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia and megaloblastic anemia .

Molecular and Advanced Diagnostic Techniques

In some cases, molecular testing and advanced diagnostic techniques are employed to aid in the diagnosis. For instance, genetic testing can be used to identify hemoglobin variants like sickle cell disease, which are major causes of anemia . Machine learning algorithms and impedance measurement systems are also being developed to improve the accuracy and convenience of anemia diagnosis 79.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of anemia primarily relies on the Complete Blood Count (CBC) test, which provides detailed information about the red blood cells. Additional tests, such as reticulocyte count and specific biochemical tests, are essential for determining the underlying cause of anemia. Advanced diagnostic techniques, including molecular testing and machine learning algorithms, are increasingly being used to enhance the diagnostic process.

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Most relevant research papers on this topic

Anemia: Evaluation and Diagnostic Tests.

Anemia diagnosis can be made using a complete blood count, red cell indices, reticulocyte count, and various tests, including molecular testing.

Highly Cited

2017·

80citations

·Michael J. Cascio et al.

Multi-class classification algorithms for the diagnosis of anemia in an outpatient clinical setting

Multilayer perceptron network effectively diagnoses mild and moderate anemia in outpatient clinical settings, aiding in early stage prevention and supplement recommendations.

Rigorous Journal

2022·

16citations

·Rajan Vohra et al.

Evaluation of anaemia

Anaemia prevalence is higher in females than males, with higher severity, suggesting that health programs should focus more on females from adolescent age.

Observational Study

2017·

2citations

·Suchita V. Ingale et al.

Complete blood count test in the evaluation of anemia: More than a screening test?

Anemia prevalence in our province is over 20% in all age groups, and detailed CBC analysis provides comprehensive information on anemia classification, saving time and money for well-child follow-up.

Observational Study

2020·

0citations

·Gökçe Celep et al.

Laboratory Assessment of Anemia.

Laboratory testing plays a crucial role in diagnosing anemia and identifying its causes, aiding in the selection of specific and effective therapies.

2018·

22citations

·S. Kundrapu et al.

Investigate Significance of the Blood Test in the Differential Diagnosis of Anemia Clinical

Comprehensive blood tests are crucial for accurate clinical diagnosis of anemia, as they reveal changes in peripheral blood hemoglobin, platelets, and white blood cell levels.

Observational Study

2014·

0citations

·Yu Chang-yiin

Anemia Diagnostic System Based on Impedance Measurement of Red Blood Cells

The proposed anemia diagnostic system using impedance measurement of red blood cells is a portable, accurate, and user-friendly device, offering a better alternative to commercial systems.

2021·

5citations

·Hyuntae Cho et al.

Detection of Anaemia using Image Processing Techniques from microscopy blood smear images

This paper presents an algorithm for automatically counting red blood cells in a blood smear using digital image processing techniques, aiding in the detection of anemia in remote areas where cell counters and hemocytometers are not feasible.

2022·

8citations

·R. Nithya et al.

Determination of the effect of red blood cell parameters in the discrimination of iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia via Neighborhood Component Analysis Feature Selection-Based machine learning

Different red blood cell parameters, selected via Neighborhood Component Analysis Feature Selection-Based machine learning, effectively distinguish between iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia in male and female patients.

2020·

40citations

·H. Ayyıldız et al.

Point-of-care microchip electrophoresis for integrated anemia and hemoglobin variant testing.

This paper presents a single point-of-care platform that enables integrated anemia detection and hemoglobin variant identification using a single paper-based electrophoresis test, with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for sickle cell disease identification.

2021·

18citations

·R. An et al.

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