What causes eczema to flare up
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Causes of Eczema Flare-Ups
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by intense itching and recurrent eczematous lesions. Understanding the triggers that cause eczema to flare up is crucial for effective management. This article synthesizes findings from multiple research studies to highlight the primary factors contributing to eczema exacerbations.
Environmental Factors and Eczema Flares
Dust, Pets, and Seasonal Variations
Environmental factors play a significant role in triggering eczema flares. Exposure to dust, unfamiliar pets, and seasonal changes have been identified as common triggers. Seasonal variations, particularly cold weather, can exacerbate symptoms, while warmer weather may provide some relief 13. Additionally, exposure to irritants such as nylon clothing and shampoo, especially in cold weather, has been linked to increased flare-ups .
Temperature Changes
Temperature fluctuations can also impact eczema severity. A study involving children with eczema found that symptoms tend to worsen in colder weather and improve in warmer conditions. This suggests that cold weather may increase the likelihood of flare-ups, while hot weather might reduce them .
Allergens and Eczema
Food Allergies
Food allergies are a well-documented trigger for eczema, particularly in children. Common food allergens such as cow's milk and hen's eggs can provoke eczema flares, especially in sensitized infants. In older children and adults, inhaled allergens and pollen-related foods become more significant triggers 67. Clinical studies have shown that more than 50% of children with eczema exacerbated by certain foods experience worsening of their skin condition .
Environmental Allergens
Environmental allergens, including mold, dust mites, pollens, and animal danders, are also significant contributors to eczema flares. These allergens can induce various allergic reactions, such as contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis, which can lead to scratching and subsequent eczema flare-ups .
Microbial Factors
Staphylococcus aureus
The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is frequently associated with eczema flares. High loads of S. aureus, particularly during flares, can disrupt the skin barrier and contribute to inflammation. Elevated skin pH, which favors the growth of S. aureus, is another factor that can exacerbate eczema symptoms 58.
Psychological and Stress Factors
Mental Stress
Mental stress is another critical factor that can trigger eczema flares. Stress can lead to neurodermatitis, a form of eczema where mental stress is the primary factor. This type of eczema is characterized by intense itching and scratching, which can further aggravate the condition .
Drug-Induced Eczema
Eczematous Drug Eruptions
Certain medications can cause eczematous drug eruptions, which resemble eczema both clinically and histologically. These eruptions can result from cutaneous immunomodulation, skin dehydration, or delayed hypersensitivity. Notable drugs include biologic therapies, targeted cancer treatments, antiviral agents, and cardiovascular medications .
Conclusion
Eczema flare-ups are influenced by a complex interplay of environmental, allergenic, microbial, psychological, and pharmacological factors. Understanding these triggers can help in developing effective management strategies to reduce the frequency and severity of eczema flares. By identifying and mitigating these triggers, individuals with eczema can achieve better control over their condition and improve their quality of life.
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