What causes overproduction of acid in the stomach

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Causes of Overproduction of Acid in the Stomach

Emotional and Nervous Factors

One significant cause of excess acid production in the stomach is emotional and nervous stress. Individuals who are emotionally or nervously stressed tend to have higher levels of stomach acidity, which can lead to symptoms such as dyspepsia, heartburn, and the formation of ulcers .

Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is another major factor contributing to the overproduction of stomach acid. This bacterium is known to cause gastric ulcers by increasing acid secretion and eroding the mucosal layer of the stomach. Eradication of H. pylori through antibiotic treatment can help restore normal acid levels and prevent ulcer formation .

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

The constant intake of NSAIDs is also linked to increased acid production in the stomach. These drugs can reduce the protective mucus layer in the stomach, making it more susceptible to acid damage and ulcer formation .

Stress and Gastric Acid Secretion

Stress has a direct impact on gastric acid secretion. Studies in rats have shown that stress, such as water-immersion, significantly increases gastric acid output. This stress-induced acid secretion can lead to ulcerative changes in the stomach lining, especially when there is no corresponding increase in mucosal blood flow to protect the stomach lining .

Dietary Factors

Certain dietary habits can influence acid production. For instance, while it is a common belief that spicy foods like chili can cause ulcers by increasing acid secretion, recent studies have shown that capsaicin, the active component in chili, actually inhibits acid secretion and promotes protective mechanisms in the stomach .

Medical Procedures

Medical procedures such as gastrocystoplasty, where part of the stomach is used to increase bladder capacity, can also affect acid production. However, studies have shown that this procedure does not necessarily lead to hypersecretion of gastric acid or hypergastrinaemia in patients .

Conclusion

The overproduction of stomach acid can be attributed to a variety of factors including emotional stress, Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAID usage, and stress. Understanding these causes is crucial for effective management and treatment of conditions associated with high stomach acidity.

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Most relevant research papers on this topic

Acidity of Stomach-Causes and Home Remedies

The acid is secreted in stomach which helps in breaking down the food during digestion. When there is excess production of acid in the stomach, it results in the condition known as acidity. Dyspepsia(Talleyet al 2005) heartburn and the formation of ulcers are some of the symptoms. Emotional and nervous individuals can have acidity on higher side

2016·

2citations

·S. Sharma

Hunger and microbiology: is a low gastric acid‐induced bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine a contributor to malnutrition in developing countries?

Low gastric acid levels in developing countries contribute to bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, potentially contributing to childhood malnutrition by diverting food calories into bacterial metabolism.

2017·

21citations

·S. Sarker et al.

Effects of gastrocystoplasty on serum gastrin levels and gastric acid secretion

Gastric acid hypersecretion and hypergastrinaemia did not occur in 13 patients after gastrocystoplasty, indicating no significant risk of these complications.

Case Report

1983·

33citations

·S. T. Lim et al.

THE MECHANISM OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID PRODUCTION BY THE STOMACH

The stomach produces hydrochloric acid in the pericanalicular zone, round the intracellular canaliculi of the oxyntic cells, rather than in the oxyntic cells themselves.

Highly Cited

1951·

122citations

·BY R. E. Davies

Zinc Salts Provide a Novel, Prolonged and Rapid Inhibition of Gastric Acid Secretion

Zinc salts provide a novel, rapid and prolonged therapy to inhibit gastric acid secretion in human and rat models.

Rigorous Journal

2011·

21citations

·Philipp Kirchhoff et al.

Capsaicin and Gastric Ulcers

Capsaicin, the active principle in chilli, is not the cause of gastric ulcers but a "benefactor" that helps prevent and heal them by inhibiting acid secretion, stimulating alkali, mucus secretions, and improving gastric mucosal blood flow.

Highly Cited

2006·

103citations

·M. Satyanarayana

Effects of water-immersion stress on gastric secretion and mucosal blood flow in rats.

Water-immersion stress increases gastric acid secretion but does not correspondingly increase mucosal blood flow, leading to gastric ulceration in stressed rats.

Non-RCTAnimal StudyHighly Cited

1979·

189citations

·H. Kitagawa et al.

Regulatory mechanism of acid secretion in the damaged stomach: Role of endogenous nitric oxide

Damaged stomachs decrease acid secretion due to a combination of stimulatory pathways and inhibitory mechanisms, with nitric oxide and prostaglandins playing a role in regulating this process.

Non-RCTAnimal Study

2000·

9citations

·K. Takeuchi et al.

The Evolution of Stomach Acidity and Its Relevance to the Human Microbiome

Stomach acidity plays a key role in maintaining gut microbial diversity by filtering out novel microbial taxa, with scavengers and carnivores needing the most restrictive filter for protection from foreign microbes.

Systematic ReviewRigorous JournalHighly Cited

2015·

273citations

·D. Beasley et al.

A Review on Polyherbal Formulation Used in the Treatment of Gastric Acidity

Polyherbal formulations (PHF) show potential as an alternative to conventional antacids for treating gastric acidity, with potential therapeutic potential, clinical and preclinical outcomes, and safety and efficacy.

Literature Review

2023·

1citation

·Prerana Musale et al.

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