What do steroids do to your body
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Effects of Steroids on the Human Body
Introduction to Steroids and Their Uses
Steroids, specifically anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), are synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone. They are widely used to enhance muscle mass and athletic performance. These compounds are known for their ability to increase protein synthesis within cells, leading to the buildup of cellular tissue, particularly in muscles .
Positive Effects on Body Composition and Performance
Muscle Mass and Strength
AAS are effective in promoting muscle hypertrophy and strength. Studies have shown that short-term administration of these drugs can lead to strength gains of about 5-20% and an increase in body weight by 2-5 kg, primarily due to an increase in lean body mass . This makes them particularly appealing to athletes and bodybuilders looking to enhance their physical performance and appearance .
Erythropoiesis and Bone Formation
AAS also stimulate erythropoietin synthesis, leading to increased red cell production and bone formation while counteracting bone breakdown. However, these effects do not significantly improve endurance performance.
Adverse Health Implications
Cardiovascular Risks
The use of AAS can lead to several cardiovascular issues. These include elevated blood pressure and unfavorable changes in serum lipids, such as a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. These changes can increase the risk of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and other cardiovascular diseases .
Liver Toxicity
Oral anabolic steroids, due to their chemical modifications, are particularly hepatotoxic. They can cause elevated liver enzymes, acute cholestatic syndrome, chronic vascular injury, hepatic tumors, and toxicant-associated fatty liver disease. The severity of these effects depends on the dosage, duration of use, and individual sensitivity .
Endocrine Disruptions
AAS disrupt the normal production of testosterone and gonadotropins, leading to conditions such as testicular atrophy, infertility, and erectile dysfunction in men. In women, AAS can cause menstrual irregularities, ovarian dysfunction, and virilization effects such as deepening of the voice and increased body hair .
Psychological and Behavioral Effects
AAS use is associated with significant psychological and behavioral changes. These include increased aggression, hostility, mood disturbances (e.g., depression, mania, psychotic features), and in some cases, dependence or withdrawal symptoms .
Conclusion
While anabolic-androgenic steroids can significantly enhance muscle mass and strength, their use comes with a plethora of adverse health effects. These range from cardiovascular and liver issues to endocrine disruptions and psychological changes. It is crucial for individuals to be aware of these risks and make informed decisions regarding the use of AAS. The potential for severe and sometimes irreversible health consequences underscores the importance of caution and regulation in the use of these substances.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic