What is considered high cholesterol
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Understanding High Cholesterol: Definitions and Implications
What is High Cholesterol?
Total Cholesterol Levels
High cholesterol is a condition characterized by elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood, which can lead to various health issues, particularly cardiovascular diseases. According to research, high total cholesterol is defined as having a level of 240 mg/dL or higher . This threshold is critical because elevated total cholesterol is a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions.
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "bad cholesterol," is another crucial marker. Elevated LDL cholesterol levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2020 highlights that LDL levels above 1.7 mmol/L (approximately 65.7 mg/dL) are considered elevated and contribute significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as "good cholesterol," plays a protective role by helping to remove cholesterol from the bloodstream. However, low levels of HDL cholesterol (below 40 mg/dL) are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases . Interestingly, extremely high levels of HDL cholesterol (above 90 mg/dL) have also been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, suggesting a complex relationship between HDL levels and heart health .
Global Trends and Implications
Shifts in Cholesterol Levels Worldwide
Recent studies indicate a global shift in cholesterol levels. From 1980 to 2018, total and non-HDL cholesterol levels have increased in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in East and Southeast Asia, while they have decreased in high-income Western countries. This shift underscores the changing dietary and lifestyle patterns across different regions and the need for tailored public health interventions.
Health Risks Beyond Cardiovascular Disease
High cholesterol is not only a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases but also contributes to the pathogenesis of various other conditions. Excess cholesterol accumulation has been linked to liver diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, and even COVID-19. This broad impact highlights the importance of managing cholesterol levels to prevent a wide range of health issues.
Conclusion
High cholesterol, defined by elevated total and LDL cholesterol levels and low HDL cholesterol levels, is a significant health concern globally. While traditionally associated with cardiovascular diseases, high cholesterol also contributes to other serious health conditions. Understanding these definitions and trends is crucial for developing effective strategies to manage and reduce the risks associated with high cholesterol.
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