What is considered outer space
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Understanding Outer Space: Definitions and Perspectives
Defining Outer Space: Legal and Physical Boundaries
The concept of outer space has been a subject of extensive debate, particularly regarding its legal and physical boundaries. Historically, there has been no universally accepted legal definition distinguishing air space from outer space. Various suggestions and views have been expressed over the years, but a concrete formulation of legal principles remains elusive7. The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) played a significant role in the 1960s in developing laws to regulate activities in outer space, emphasizing that it should remain free from sovereign claims and be accessible to all states, thus framing it as a "global commons"6.
Physical Characteristics of Outer Space
From a physical standpoint, outer space is characterized by its distinct elements such as stars, planets, moons, meteors, comets, and vast expanses of empty space. This "space of space" is often perceived as a void requiring technology for human survival5. The physical properties of outer space, including astromechanics and the space environment, impose significant limitations on human activities. Understanding these properties is crucial for any geopolitical or scientific endeavors in space9.
Human Engagement with Outer Space
Human engagement with outer space extends beyond mere exploration. It encompasses a wide range of activities and has profound implications for how we live on Earth. Geographical studies of outer space explore themes such as off-world mining, astropolitics, space tourism, and space law. These studies often critique the imperialist and capitalistic activities in space, advocating for more socially inclusive visions4. The cultural impact of outer space on Earth is also significant, influencing everything from navigation and radiation to tides and even our imagined futures5.
Outer Space in Cultural and Psychological Contexts
The exploration and understanding of outer space are not limited to physical and legal dimensions but also extend into cultural and psychological realms. Historically, humans have transitioned from viewing Earth as the center of a defined universe to recognizing the vastness of outer space, a shift that has redefined our concepts of inner and outer space3. This redefinition is reflected in various cultural narratives and myths, where outer space often features prominently5.
Conclusion
Outer space, while often perceived as a vast, empty void, is a complex and multifaceted domain. It is defined not only by its physical properties and legal boundaries but also by its cultural, psychological, and geopolitical implications. As humanity continues to explore and engage with outer space, our understanding of this "global commons" will undoubtedly evolve, shaping our future both on and off the planet.
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