What is the core of the sun made of
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Composition of the Sun's Core: Hydrogen, Helium, and Iron
Standard Solar Model: Hydrogen and Helium Core
The core of the Sun is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. This is supported by various measurements and models that have been developed over the past two decades. These models are based on solar neutrino radiation, the distortion of the solar gravitational potential, and frequency splittings of solar oscillation modes. The most accurate measurements, such as those by Duvall and Harvey, and Brown, have shown that the splitting of solar oscillation modes is roughly independent of the spherical harmonic degree, supporting the standard model of a hydrogen and helium core .
Iron Core Hypothesis
An alternative hypothesis suggests that the Sun may have a central core composed of iron. This idea emerged to address discrepancies in the theoretical models of the Sun's internal temperature structure and the observed production of solar neutrinos. Measurements on Earth have shown that the emission of solar neutrinos is typically lower than expected by a factor of three. If the core were composed of iron, which is stable at the Sun's core temperature of approximately 14 million K, the production of neutrinos would align more closely with observations. Calculations by Carl Rouse suggest that the Sun could have an iron core with a radius of about 5% of the total solar radius and a density of about 1.6×10^5 kg/m^3 .
Heterogeneous Accretion Model
Another perspective, known as the "Fe-Core sun" model, proposes that the Sun and the inner planets were formed from the debris of a single supernova. This model suggests that the cores of the Sun and the four inner planets formed in the central iron-rich region of the supernova debris. This hypothesis challenges the traditional view that the Sun consists mostly of hydrogen and that hydrogen fusion is the primary source of its energy .
Conclusion
While the standard model of the Sun's core being primarily composed of hydrogen and helium is widely accepted and supported by various measurements, alternative hypotheses such as the iron core model and the Fe-Core sun model offer intriguing explanations for certain observational discrepancies. Further research and more precise measurements are needed to fully understand the true composition of the Sun's core.
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