What are the symptoms of IBS?
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Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Abdominal Pain and Discomfort
One of the primary symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is chronic abdominal pain. This pain is often associated with discomfort and can vary in intensity and location within the abdomen. The pain is typically relieved by defecation or associated with a change in stool frequency or form .
Altered Bowel Habits
IBS is characterized by significant changes in bowel habits, which can include diarrhea, constipation, or a combination of both. These alterations in bowel movements are a hallmark of the disorder and can significantly impact the quality of life of those affected .
Diarrhea and Constipation
Patients with IBS may experience diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), or mixed IBS (IBS-M), where both diarrhea and constipation occur alternately. These symptoms are often accompanied by a sense of urgency or incomplete evacuation .
Bloating and Abdominal Distension
Bloating and abdominal distension are common symptoms in IBS patients. These symptoms can cause significant discomfort and are often exacerbated by certain foods or stress. Bloating is frequently reported alongside other gastrointestinal symptoms such as flatulence .
Visceral Hypersensitivity
Many IBS patients experience visceral hypersensitivity, which means they have an increased sensitivity to pain within the internal organs, particularly the intestines. This heightened sensitivity can contribute to the severity of abdominal pain and discomfort experienced by IBS sufferers .
Extraintestinal Symptoms
In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, IBS patients often report extraintestinal manifestations. These can include somatic pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms are more commonly reported in women and can complicate the management of IBS, as they are associated with worse gastrointestinal symptoms and a lower quality of life.
Psychological and Psychosocial Factors
Psychological distress, including anxiety and depression, is frequently observed in IBS patients. These psychosocial factors can exacerbate IBS symptoms and contribute to the chronic nature of the disorder. The brain-gut axis plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of IBS, linking psychological stress to gastrointestinal symptoms .
Conclusion
IBS is a complex and multifaceted disorder characterized by a range of symptoms including chronic abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, bloating, and visceral hypersensitivity. Extraintestinal symptoms and psychological factors further complicate the condition, making it essential to adopt a holistic approach to diagnosis and treatment. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for effective management and improving the quality of life for those affected by IBS.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
IBS-Symptoms in IBD Patients—Manifestation of Concomitant or Different Entities
Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Clinical Review.
Irritable bowel syndrome: a disease still searching for pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy.
New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
Do interactions between stress and immune responses lead to symptom exacerbations in irritable bowel syndrome?
Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-C): Effects of Different Nutritional Patterns on Intestinal Dysbiosis and Symptoms
Extraintestinal manifestations in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review
Irritable bowel syndrome: emerging paradigm in pathophysiology.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Reduces Symptoms in Some Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Predominant Abdominal Bloating: Short- and Long-Term Results from a Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial.
Does a diet low in FODMAPs reduce symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
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