What are the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
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Symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Introduction to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition affecting the aging male population, characterized by the proliferation of stromal and epithelial cells in the prostate's transitional zone. This growth leads to the enlargement of the prostate, which can compress the urethra and cause various urinary symptoms .
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS)
Obstructive Symptoms
Obstructive symptoms are primarily due to the physical blockage caused by the enlarged prostate. These symptoms include:
- Urinary Hesitancy: Difficulty in starting urination .
- Weak Urinary Stream: A noticeable reduction in the force of the urine stream .
- Straining to Void: The need to exert effort to initiate and maintain urination.
- Prolonged Voiding: Extended time required to empty the bladder.
Irritative Symptoms
Irritative symptoms are related to the bladder's response to the obstruction and include:
- Increased Urinary Frequency: The need to urinate more often than usual .
- Urgency: A sudden, strong need to urinate immediately .
- Nocturia: Waking up multiple times during the night to urinate .
- Urge Incontinence: Involuntary leakage of urine following an urgent need to urinate.
- Reduced Voiding Volumes: Smaller amounts of urine passed during each urination.
Post-Micturition Symptoms
These symptoms occur after urination and include:
- Postvoid Dribble: Leakage of urine after completing urination.
- Incomplete Emptying: The sensation that the bladder is not fully emptied after urination .
Impact on Quality of Life
The symptoms of BPH, particularly LUTS, can significantly affect the quality of life. They can lead to sleep disturbances due to nocturia, social embarrassment from urgency and incontinence, and overall discomfort and inconvenience . Additionally, there is a noted association between LUTS/BPH and depressive symptoms, further impacting the mental health and well-being of affected individuals.
Conclusion
BPH is a prevalent condition among aging men, leading to a range of lower urinary tract symptoms that can be obstructive, irritative, or post-micturition in nature. These symptoms can severely impact the quality of life, making early diagnosis and appropriate management crucial for affected individuals. Understanding these symptoms is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia and the urinary tract repercussions
Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.
Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: AUA GUIDELINE PART I—Initial Work-up and Medical Management
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Surgical Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: AUA Guideline Amendment 2019.
Epidemiology and risk factors of lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction
The Epidemiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Associated with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Prevalence and Incident Rates.
Depressive symptoms in individuals diagnosed with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) in middle-aged and older Chinese individuals: Results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.
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