What are the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
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Symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Introduction to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition affecting the aging male population, characterized by the proliferation of stromal and epithelial cells in the prostate's transitional zone. This growth leads to the enlargement of the prostate, which can compress the urethra and cause various urinary symptoms1 3 4.
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS)
Obstructive Symptoms
Obstructive symptoms are primarily due to the physical blockage caused by the enlarged prostate. These symptoms include:
- Urinary Hesitancy: Difficulty in starting urination1 2.
- Weak Urinary Stream: A noticeable reduction in the force of the urine stream1 2.
- Straining to Void: The need to exert effort to initiate and maintain urination1.
- Prolonged Voiding: Extended time required to empty the bladder1.
Irritative Symptoms
Irritative symptoms are related to the bladder's response to the obstruction and include:
- Increased Urinary Frequency: The need to urinate more often than usual1 2 3.
- Urgency: A sudden, strong need to urinate immediately1 2 3.
- Nocturia: Waking up multiple times during the night to urinate1 2 3.
- Urge Incontinence: Involuntary leakage of urine following an urgent need to urinate1.
- Reduced Voiding Volumes: Smaller amounts of urine passed during each urination1.
Post-Micturition Symptoms
These symptoms occur after urination and include:
- Postvoid Dribble: Leakage of urine after completing urination1.
- Incomplete Emptying: The sensation that the bladder is not fully emptied after urination1 2.
Impact on Quality of Life
The symptoms of BPH, particularly LUTS, can significantly affect the quality of life. They can lead to sleep disturbances due to nocturia, social embarrassment from urgency and incontinence, and overall discomfort and inconvenience3 6 7. Additionally, there is a noted association between LUTS/BPH and depressive symptoms, further impacting the mental health and well-being of affected individuals10.
Conclusion
BPH is a prevalent condition among aging men, leading to a range of lower urinary tract symptoms that can be obstructive, irritative, or post-micturition in nature. These symptoms can severely impact the quality of life, making early diagnosis and appropriate management crucial for affected individuals. Understanding these symptoms is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
BPH is a common diagnosis in men, with treatment options ranging from medical to surgical interventions, depending on the severity of symptoms and the patient's preference.
Highly CitedThe American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association.
The AUA symptom index is a reliable, valid, and responsive tool for assessing urinary symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Observational StudyHighly CitedBenign prostatic hyperplasia and the urinary tract repercussions
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes obstructive and irritating urinary symptoms, negatively impacting the quality of life for affected men, and can be effectively diagnosed and treated through monitoring symptoms and utilizing available drug classes.
Systematic ReviewManagement of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.
BPH is a common condition in older men, and diagnosis and treatment options depend on a thorough medical history and physical examination.
Highly CitedManagement of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: AUA GUIDELINE PART I—Initial Work-up and Medical Management
This revised AUA Guideline provides effective evidence-based management of male lower urinary tract symptoms/BPH, focusing on individual patient characteristics and respecting common principles.
Systematic ReviewHighly CitedImpact of Diabetes Mellitus on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Diabetes mellitus significantly increases lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients, requiring increased attention from physicians.
Meta-AnalysisSurgical Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: AUA Guideline Amendment 2019.
This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for managing lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia using surgery and minimally invasive surgical therapies.
Systematic ReviewHighly CitedEpidemiology and risk factors of lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction
Lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia are common in aging men, with modifiable factors like obesity, diet, and hormonal imbalance contributing to their development.
Highly CitedThe Epidemiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Associated with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Prevalence and Incident Rates.
BPH/LUTS prevalence and incidence rates increase with age and vary by symptom severity, with cultural, psychosocial, economic, and disease awareness factors potentially influencing medical care access and help-seeking behaviors.
Highly CitedDepressive symptoms in individuals diagnosed with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) in middle-aged and older Chinese individuals: Results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.
Depressive symptoms are more prevalent in men with LUTS/BPH, and are associated with education, sleep duration, and multimorbidity.
Observational Study
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