What are the symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

Introduction

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by a variety of motor and nonmotor symptoms that evolve over time and impact patients' quality of life.

Key Insights from Research Papers

Motor Symptoms:
- Early symptoms often include tremor, particularly at rest, and typically starting on one side of the body, as well as slowness, stiffness, and impaired balance and coordination.
- As PD progresses, patients experience a broader range of motor symptoms such as gait disturbances, impaired handwriting, grip force, and speech deficits.
- Advanced stages of PD are marked by motor complications like fluctuating medication responses, including wearing-off phenomena and dyskinesia.
Nonmotor Symptoms:
- Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) significantly affect quality of life and may include behavioral changes (dementia, depression, anxiety), somatic symptoms (pain, hypotension, constipation), and sleep disturbances .
- Psychiatric manifestations such as depression, anxiety, hallucinations, and cognitive dysfunction are prevalent and critical for patient management.
- Sensory dysfunctions like loss of smell and/or taste are common, and autonomic dysfunctions such as drooling and sleep problems become more troublesome as PD advances .
Symptom Perception and Progression:
- Patients' perceptions of their most troublesome symptoms can differ from clinicians' assessments, emphasizing the need for patient-centered management.
- Nonmotor aspects of PD, including mood changes and sleep problems, become more prominent and troubling in the later stages of the disease.
- The progression of PD symptoms from motor to nonmotor highlights the importance of comprehensive treatment approaches that address both aspects .

Conclusion

Parkinson's disease manifests through a spectrum of symptoms that evolve from primarily motor-related issues such as tremor, slowness, and stiffness to include a wide range of nonmotor symptoms like mood changes, cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbances. The perception of these symptoms' severity can vary between patients and clinicians, underlining the necessity for personalized treatment strategies. As the disease progresses, nonmotor symptoms become increasingly significant, necessitating a holistic approach to patient care.

What are the symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

Summary

Introduction

Key Insights from Research Papers

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Parkinson's disease symptoms: The patient's perspective

Parkinson's disease patients perceive medication response and nonmotor aspects as the most troublesome symptoms, highlighting the importance of patient-centered management.

Parkinson Disease

Parkinson's disease often begins with tremors in limbs, followed by stiffness, slow movement, and impaired balance, which worsen over time.

Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease

Nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease significantly impact quality of life, with behavioral and somatic symptoms being key determinants.

Motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: A unified framework

Parkinson's disease motor symptoms reflect dysfunction in neural structures responsible for action selection, motor sequencing, and coordination and execution of movement.

Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis

Understanding the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease is essential for proper diagnosis, with genetic mutations, neuroimaging abnormalities, and other tests potentially improving diagnosis and risk identification.

Psychiatric Manifestation in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Psychiatric symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction, are common in Parkinson's disease patients and significantly impact their quality of life and need for institutionalization.

Non‐motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease

Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease include mood disorders, cognitive dysfunction, hallucinations, and complex behavioral disorders, which can antedate motor signs and may serve as early 'preclinical' diagnoses.

Parkinson’s disease: a review of non-motor symptoms

Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients include mood disorders, cognitive dysfunction, pain, sensory dysfunction, and dysautonomia, affecting their quality of life.

Description of Parkinson's Disease as a Clinical Syndrome

Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressive parkinsonian syndrome characterized by motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms, with no proven means to slow its progression.

Late-stage Parkinson disease

Late-stage Parkinson's disease should incorporate nonmotor symptoms, as motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms are major sources of disability in later stages, with deep brain stimulation changing the definition of advanced-stage disease.

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