What are the symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection?
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Symptoms of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection
Common Symptoms in Children
Nasal Discharge and Congestion
Nasal discharge and congestion are frequently reported symptoms in children with RSV infection. These symptoms are observed in over 40% of children across various studies and settings.
Cough and Shortness of Breath
Cough is a predominant symptom, affecting a significant majority of children with RSV. In a study conducted in China, 93.2% of RSV-positive children exhibited a cough. Shortness of breath is also a common symptom, particularly in younger children under six months of age, who are more likely to develop severe respiratory issues such as bronchopneumonia.
Fever and Feeding Abnormalities
Fever is another common symptom, reported in over 40% of children with RSV. Feeding abnormalities, including difficulty in feeding, are also noted, especially in infants.
Severe Symptoms and Hospitalization
In severe cases, children may experience symptoms like tachypnea, rales, and wheezing, which are indicators of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Hospital stays for children with severe RSV can range from 2 to 7.5 days, depending on the region.
Symptoms in Adults
Cough and Sputum Production
In adults, particularly those who are immunocompromised or have comorbidities, cough and sputum production are common symptoms of RSV infection . These symptoms are often accompanied by dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and fever or feverishness.
Nasal Congestion and Wheezing
Nasal congestion and wheezing are also frequently observed in adults with RSV. These symptoms can be challenging to distinguish from those of influenza, making diagnosis difficult.
Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
RSV can lead to severe lower respiratory tract infections in adults, exacerbating underlying cardiac and lung diseases. This is particularly concerning for older adults and those with pre-existing health conditions, who may experience significant morbidity and mortality due to RSV.
Impact on Daily Activities
In vulnerable populations, such as residents of homeless shelters, RSV can significantly impact daily activities. Many individuals report that their illness affects their ability to perform regular tasks.
Conclusion
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) presents a range of symptoms that vary by age and health status. In children, common symptoms include nasal discharge, cough, shortness of breath, fever, and feeding abnormalities. In adults, especially those with underlying health conditions, symptoms often include cough, sputum production, nasal congestion, wheezing, and severe lower respiratory tract infections. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of RSV, particularly in high-risk populations.
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