What are the symptoms of tension headaches?

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Symptoms of Tension Headaches

Introduction to Tension Headaches

Tension headaches, also known as tension-type headaches (TTH), are the most prevalent neurological disorder worldwide. They are characterized by recurrent headaches of mild to moderate intensity, typically presenting with a pressing or tightening quality and a bilateral location. Unlike migraines, tension headaches are not aggravated by routine physical activity.

Key Symptoms of Tension Headaches

Bilateral Pain

One of the hallmark symptoms of tension headaches is bilateral pain, meaning the pain occurs on both sides of the head. This pain is often described as a dull, constant, and non-pulsatile sensation, which can be felt in the occipital region (back of the head) and posterior neck, or in a "headband" distribution around the head .

Pressing or Tightening Sensation

Patients with tension headaches often report a pressing or tightening sensation, rather than a throbbing or pulsating pain. This type of pain is typically mild to moderate in intensity and does not worsen with physical activity .

Absence of Severe Symptoms

Unlike migraines, tension headaches are not usually accompanied by severe symptoms such as nausea or vomiting. However, some patients may experience mild photophobia (sensitivity to light) or phonophobia (sensitivity to sound) .

Psychological Symptoms

There is a notable association between tension headaches and psychological symptoms, particularly anxiety. Studies have shown that patients with tension headaches often score higher on anxiety-related scales compared to healthy controls, although their depression scores may not significantly differ .

Episodic vs. Chronic Tension Headaches

Tension headaches can be classified as episodic or chronic. Episodic tension headaches occur fewer than 15 times a month, while chronic tension headaches occur more than 15 times a month for at least six months. The symptoms are generally similar, but chronic tension headaches may present with a higher frequency and longer duration of pain .

Conclusion

Tension headaches are characterized by bilateral, pressing or tightening pain of mild to moderate intensity, often accompanied by psychological symptoms such as anxiety. They are distinct from migraines in that they lack severe symptoms like nausea and are not aggravated by physical activity. Understanding these symptoms can aid in the accurate diagnosis and effective management of tension headaches.