Will fish oil raise hdl

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The Impact of Fish Oil on HDL Cholesterol Levels

Introduction to Fish Oil and HDL Cholesterol

Fish oil, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, is widely recognized for its potential cardiovascular benefits. One area of interest is its effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "good" cholesterol due to its role in transporting cholesterol from the arteries to the liver for excretion. This article synthesizes findings from multiple studies to determine whether fish oil supplementation can raise HDL cholesterol levels.

Fish Oil and HDL Subclasses in Diabetic Patients

Research on type 2 diabetic patients has shown that fish oil supplementation can positively affect HDL cholesterol subclasses. A study involving 42 diabetic patients found that fish oil significantly increased HDL-2b and HDL-2a cholesterol concentrations compared to corn oil . This suggests that fish oil may help improve the lipid profile in diabetic individuals by enhancing specific HDL subclasses.

Fish Oil's Effect on HDL in Hypertriglyceridemic Patients

In hypertriglyceridemic patients, fish oil supplementation has been observed to have mixed effects on HDL cholesterol. One study reported no significant changes in overall HDL cholesterol levels or its subfractions after fish oil supplementation . However, another study noted a significant increase in HDL2-cholesterol, particularly in women, indicating a gender-specific response to fish oil 35.

Influence of Fish Oil on HDL Particle Size and Lipid Components

Fish oil intake has also been associated with changes in HDL particle size and lipid components. A study involving subjects with impaired glucose metabolism found that fatty fish consumption led to an increase in the average HDL particle size and the concentration of lipid components in HDL particles . This shift towards larger HDL particles may contribute to the antiatherogenic properties of HDL.

Comparative Studies on Fish Oil and Other Oils

Comparative studies have highlighted the unique effects of fish oil on HDL cholesterol. For instance, a study comparing fish oil to flaxseed oil found that fish oil increased lipoprotein levels of specific omega-3 fatty acids in HDL, which could influence the atherogenicity of lipoprotein particles . Another study demonstrated that saury oil, a type of fish oil, increased HDL particle size and cholesterol efflux capacity, further supporting the beneficial impact of fish oil on HDL cholesterol .

Mechanisms Behind Fish Oil's Impact on HDL

The mechanisms by which fish oil affects HDL cholesterol involve changes in the metabolism of HDL apolipoproteins. Fish oil has been shown to decrease the fractional catabolic rate of HDL apo A-I and apo A-II, leading to an increase in HDL cholesterol levels . This effect is primarily due to the omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil, which play a crucial role in lipid metabolism.

Conclusion

Overall, the evidence suggests that fish oil supplementation can raise HDL cholesterol levels, particularly by increasing specific HDL subclasses and particle sizes. These changes are likely mediated by the omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil, which influence HDL metabolism and lipid components. While the effects may vary based on individual factors such as gender and baseline lipid profiles, fish oil remains a promising nonpharmacological option for improving HDL cholesterol and potentially reducing cardiovascular risk.

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Most relevant research papers on this topic

Effect of fish oil versus corn oil supplementation on LDL and HDL subclasses in type 2 diabetic patients.

Fish oil supplementation may partially correct dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients, but does not significantly affect the predominance of small dense LDL particles.

RCTHighly Cited

2002·

78citations

·M. Petersen et al.

Effects of a low saturated fat, low cholesterol fish oil supplement in hypertriglyceridemic patients. A placebo-controlled trial.

Fish oil supplements can lower plasma triglyceride levels in hypertriglyceridemic patients, but monitoring of lipoprotein changes is necessary due to potential long-term benefits.

RCTHighly Cited

1988·

94citations

·William S. Harris et al.

Short report : the effect of fish oil on blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in phase I of the trials of hypertension prevention

Moderate doses of fish oil (6g/day) are unlikely to lower blood pressure in normotensive individuals, but may increase HDL2-cholesterol, particularly in women.

RCTLarge Human Trial

1994·

23citations

·F. Sacks et al.

Intake of Fatty Fish Alters the Size and the Concentration of Lipid Components of HDL Particles and Camelina Sativa Oil Decreases IDL Particle Concentration in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Metabolism

Fatty fish intake increases HDL particle size and concentration of lipid components, potentially reducing cardiovascular risk, while camelina sativa oil decreases IDL particle concentration.

RCTRigorous Journal

2018·

13citations

·Suvi M Manninen et al.

The effect of fish oil on blood pressure and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol levels in phase I of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention

Moderate doses of fish oil (6g/day) are unlikely to lower blood pressure in normotensive individuals but may increase HDL2-cholesterol, particularly in women.

RCTLarge Human Trial

1994·

27citations

·F. Sacks et al.

Normal subjects consuming physiological levels of 18:3(n-3) and 20:5(n-3) from flaxseed or fish oils have characteristic differences in plasma lipid and lipoprotein fatty acid levels.

Low intake of purified fish oil leads to changes in plasma triacylglycerol, 20:5(n-3) levels in lipoproteins, and 22:6(n-3) levels in lipoprotein particles, potentially influencing atherogenicity in normal individuals.

RCTHighly Cited

1996·

110citations

·Kim S. Layne et al.

Supplementation with saury oil, a fish oil high in omega-11 monounsaturated fatty acids, improves plasma lipids in healthy subjects.

Saury oil supplementation is well-tolerated and improves cardiovascular parameters like LDL particle counts, HDL particle size, and plasma TG levels in healthy individuals.

RCT

2019·

16citations

·Zhi-Hong Yang et al.

Effects of a fish oil concentrate in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Fish oil supplements may have adverse effects on lipid/lipoprotein values in hypercholesterolemic patients, but do not significantly affect vital signs or platelet function.

RCTHighly Cited

1988·

103citations

·D. Demke et al.

Factorial study of the effect of n-3 fatty acid supplementation and atorvastatin on the kinetics of HDL apolipoproteins A-I and A-II in men with abdominal obesity.

Fish oils improve HDL metabolism by decreasing both catabolism and production of HDL apolipoproteins A-I and A-II in insulin-resistant obese men, without affecting insulin resistance.

RCTHighly Cited

2006·

105citations

·D. Chan et al.

The effects of dietary fish oil on hepatic high density and low density lipoprotein receptor activities in the rat

Fish oil supplementation in rats leads to reciprocal changes in hepatic LDL and HDL receptor activities, affecting cholesterol metabolism.

Highly Cited

1987·

94citations

·P. Roach et al.

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