Zoloft long term side effects
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Long-Term Side Effects of Zoloft (Sertraline)
Introduction to Zoloft and Its Usage
Zoloft, also known by its generic name sertraline, is a widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders. Its popularity stems from its efficacy, safety profile, and relatively mild side effects compared to older antidepressants 12.
Common Long-Term Side Effects
Sexual Dysfunction
One of the most frequently reported long-term side effects of Zoloft is sexual dysfunction. This includes decreased libido, delayed ejaculation, and anorgasmia. These side effects are often discussed more in online forums than in clinical settings, indicating a potential underreporting in medical consultations .
Sleep Disturbances
Long-term use of Zoloft can lead to sleep-related issues such as insomnia and daytime somnolence. A case study involving a 16-year-old adolescent who had been on sertraline for 18 months reported significant sleep disturbances, including insomnia and daytime sleepiness. These symptoms improved upon discontinuation of the medication .
Thyroid Function Alterations
There have been instances where long-term Zoloft use has mimicked symptoms of hypothyroidism. In the same adolescent case, thyroid function tests revealed low levels of total T4, although free T4 and TSH levels remained normal. This suggests that sertraline may displace the bound fraction of total T4 without causing true hypothyroidism .
Psychological and Developmental Impacts
Identity and Self-Perception
Long-term use of Zoloft, especially when started during adolescence, can have profound effects on personal identity and self-perception. Adolescents and young adults who take Zoloft for extended periods often report that the medication influences their sense of self and subjective life story. This can be both positive and negative, as it may relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety but also alter the natural developmental trajectory .
Developmental Concerns
There are theoretical concerns about the impact of long-term SSRI use on brain development in children and adolescents. While the biological aspects of brain development are complex and not fully understood, the experience of taking antidepressants during formative years can have lasting effects on personal and psychological development .
Conclusion
While Zoloft is effective in treating depressive and anxiety disorders, its long-term use is associated with several side effects, including sexual dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and potential alterations in thyroid function. Additionally, the psychological and developmental impacts, particularly in adolescents, warrant careful consideration. Patients and healthcare providers should weigh these factors when considering long-term treatment with Zoloft.
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