Antibiotics for bronchopneumonia
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Antibiotics for Bronchopneumonia: A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction to Bronchopneumonia and Antibiotic Use
Bronchopneumonia, a type of pneumonia that affects patches throughout both lungs, is a significant health concern, particularly in pediatric and critically ill patients. Antibiotics are a cornerstone of treatment, but their use must be carefully managed to avoid resistance and ensure efficacy.
Endotracheal Antibiotics for Severe Gram-Negative Bronchopneumonia
Endotracheally administered antibiotics, such as sisomicin, have shown promise in treating severe gram-negative bronchopneumonia in patients with tracheostomies or endotracheal tubes. A study demonstrated that patients receiving sisomicin endotracheally, in addition to systemic antibiotics, had a significantly higher favorable clinical response compared to those receiving a placebo1. This suggests that endotracheal administration can enhance antibiotic concentration in bronchial secretions, potentially improving outcomes in severe cases.
Probiotics and Antibiotics in Pediatric Bronchopneumonia
Combining probiotics with antibiotics can enhance treatment efficacy in pediatric bronchopneumonia. Research involving 76 pediatric patients found that those receiving both probiotics and antibiotics had shorter durations of symptoms such as cough, fever, and hospitalization compared to those receiving antibiotics alone. Additionally, the incidence of diarrhea was significantly lower in the probiotic group2. This combination not only improves clinical outcomes but also reduces adverse gastrointestinal effects.
Efficacy of Azithromycin and Beta-Lactams Against Haemophilus Influenzae
Azithromycin has been found effective against both ampicillin-susceptible and ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae in experimental bronchopneumonia models. Compared to other antibiotics like clarithromycin and beta-lactams, azithromycin achieved higher concentrations in lung tissues and demonstrated superior bactericidal activity3. This makes azithromycin a valuable option for treating bronchopneumonia caused by H. influenzae.
Cephalosporins in Nosocomial Bronchopneumonia
In patients with nosocomial bronchopneumonia, particularly those with chronic intubation, cephalosporins are commonly used. However, a study found that the concentrations of these antibiotics in sputum often did not reach the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) required to effectively combat the bacteria present4. Ceftriaxone was the only cephalosporin that achieved measurable sputum concentrations, highlighting the need for careful selection and monitoring of antibiotic therapy in these patients.
Appropriateness of Antibiotic Prescriptions in Pediatric Bronchopneumonia
A study assessing antibiotic prescriptions for pediatric bronchopneumonia in Indonesia revealed a high rate of inappropriate antibiotic use, with only 7.25% of prescriptions deemed appropriate according to guidelines. The majority of inappropriate prescriptions involved the wrong choice of drug5. This underscores the need for improved antibiotic stewardship to prevent resistance and ensure effective treatment.
Commonly Used Antibiotics and Treatment Practices
In Sarajevo, the treatment of pediatric bronchopneumonia primarily involves first and third-generation cephalosporins and penicillin antibiotics, administered parenterally. The average treatment duration is 4.3 days, and concomitant therapies include antipyretics and corticosteroids6. These practices align with established guidelines but highlight the importance of rational antibiotic use to minimize resistance.
Conclusion
Effective management of bronchopneumonia requires a multifaceted approach, including the appropriate selection and administration of antibiotics. Endotracheal antibiotics, combination therapies with probiotics, and careful monitoring of drug concentrations in bronchial secretions are all strategies that can improve outcomes. However, the high rate of inappropriate antibiotic use in some settings calls for enhanced stewardship and adherence to clinical guidelines to combat resistance and ensure optimal patient care.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
Endotracheally administered antibiotics for gram-negative bronchopneumonia.
Endotracheally administered amino-glycosides may be an important adjunct to systemically administered antibiotics in managing severe gram-negative bronchopneumonia.
RCT
Highly CitedThe application of probiotic after antibiotics treatment promotes the recovery of pediatric bronchopneumonia infection.
Combining oral probiotic with antibiotics in pediatric bronchopneumonia patients is safe and effective, promoting recovery and reducing diarrhea rates.
RCTEfficacy of azithromycin, clarithromycin and beta-lactam agents against experimentally induced bronchopneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae in mice.
Azithromycin is effective for both ampicillin-susceptible and ampicillin-resistant bronchopneumonial infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, with a higher half-life and higher area under the curve compared to clarithromycin.
Non-RCT
Animal StudyEffectiveness of Cephalosporins in the Sputum of Patients with Nosocomial Bronchopneumonia
Low concentrations of cephalosporin antibiotics in sputum can lead to ineffective therapy for nosocomial bronchopneumonia in intubated patients in ICUs.
Non-RCTAPPROPRIATENESS OF ANTIBIOTICS PRESCRIBED TO CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENCE WITH BRONCHOPNEUMONIA DURING 2016 AT A HOSPITAL IN BANGKALAN, INDONESIA
High inappropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions in children and adolescents with bronchopneumonia suggests need for improvement in antibiotic prescribing to prevent issues like adverse effects, treatment failure, and bacterial resistance.
Observational StudyEvaluation of Drug Treatment of Bronchopneumonia at the Pediatric Clinic in Sarajevo
First and third-generation cephalosporins and penicillin antibiotics are the most widely used in pediatric bronchopneumonia treatment at the Pediatric Clinic in Sarajevo, with a focus on rational use of antimicrobial agents to reduce bacterial resistance.
Observational StudyAnalysis of Utilization of Antibiotics for Bronchopneumonia in Children
Pediatric antibiotic use for bronchopneumonia in our hospital was high, with azithromycin being the most frequently used antibiotic, high combination rate, and high antibiotic change rate.
Observational StudyEarly online
Judicious antibiotic use is crucial in hospitalized South African infants with bronchiolitis, as bacterial co-infection is often suspected, but a pragmatic management strategy is recommended due to widespread antimicrobial resistance.
Antibiotic therapy of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. A controlled study using tetracycline.
Antibiotic therapy is not needed in moderately ill patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
RCTHighly CitedAntibiotics for acute bronchitis.
Antibiotics may reduce the duration of cough and improve clinical symptoms in acute bronchitis patients, but their long-term safety and effectiveness remain unclear.
Meta-Analysis
Very Rigorous JournalHighly Cited