Deep wrinkles
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Understanding Deep Wrinkles: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Influencing Factors
Mechanisms of Deep Wrinkle Formation
Aging and Skin Structure Changes
Deep wrinkles are a prominent sign of aging, resulting from structural and mechanical changes in the skin. As skin ages, several morphological changes occur, including the flattening of the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ), thinning of the viable epidermis (VE) and reticular dermis (RD), and thickening of the papillary dermis (PD). These changes increase the stiffness of the epidermis and reduce the equivalent stiffness of the substrate, leading to enhanced dynamic wrinkling 17.
Photoaging and Skin Phototypes
Photoaging, caused by chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, significantly contributes to deep wrinkle formation. Individuals with skin phototype I (SPT-I), who are more sensitive to sunlight, tend to develop deeper wrinkles compared to those with higher phototypes (SPT-III or IV) . This sensitivity to sunlight can also influence an individual's choice of working environment, with outdoor workers showing a higher incidence of deep wrinkles .
Ultrastructural Changes
Electron microscopy studies reveal that deep wrinkles in elderly individuals are associated with elastotic changes in the dermis. These changes include the presence of electron-dense inclusions in elastic fibers and net-like structures surrounding the wrinkles, indicating advanced elastotic changes . Additionally, thickened elastic fibers with round bodies are found in the deep dermis of wrinkled areas, suggesting a close relationship between elastotic changes and deep wrinkle formation .
Treatments for Deep Wrinkles
Topical Treatments
Topical treatments such as Anti-Wrinkle and Firming (AWF) serums for women and men, and Deep Wrinkles serums have shown efficacy in reducing the appearance of deep wrinkles. Clinical studies have demonstrated significant improvements in wrinkle severity and overall quality of life after 12 weeks of treatment with these serums . The Modified Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale (MFWS) scores and patient satisfaction ratings improved notably, indicating the potential of these products in managing deep wrinkles .
Natural Extracts
Phaseolus angularis seed extract (PASE) has been investigated for its anti-aging effects. Clinical trials with PASE cream applied to eye wrinkle areas showed significant reductions in surface roughness and improvements in skin moisture without side effects. This suggests that PASE could be a valuable natural ingredient for anti-wrinkle cosmetics .
Combined Treatments
For dynamic facial wrinkles, a combination of botulinum toxin A and hyaluronic acid has been used effectively. This treatment targets both the muscle-induced wrinkles and those related to acetylcholine skin receptors, providing a comprehensive approach to managing deep wrinkles .
Influencing Factors
Diet and Nutritional Intake
Dietary factors, such as the intake of Ataulfo mangoes, have been studied for their impact on facial wrinkles. A moderate intake (85 g) of mangoes was found to reduce deep wrinkle severity in postmenopausal women, while a higher intake (250 g) had the opposite effect, increasing wrinkle severity . This highlights the importance of balanced nutritional intake in managing skin aging.
Environmental and Lifestyle Factors
Environmental exposure, particularly to sunlight, plays a crucial role in wrinkle formation. Preventive measures, such as early detection of sun sensitivity and appropriate sun protection, can help mitigate the development of deep wrinkles . Additionally, maintaining the undulating morphology of the DEJ and preventing the thinning of VE and RD can delay the onset of dynamic wrinkling .
Conclusion
Deep wrinkles are a complex manifestation of aging influenced by structural changes in the skin, photoaging, and lifestyle factors. Effective management strategies include the use of topical treatments, natural extracts, and combined therapies. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and contributing factors can aid in developing targeted interventions to reduce and prevent deep wrinkles.
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