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These studies suggest that effective principal leadership, including behaviors, shared leadership, motivation, discipline, and quality infrastructure, significantly improves teacher performance and student achievement.
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The role of principal leadership in enhancing teacher performance has been extensively studied, revealing various dimensions and mechanisms through which leadership impacts educational outcomes. This review synthesizes findings from multiple studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of this relationship.
Effective principal leadership is pivotal in improving teacher performance. A study by demonstrated that high-quality principal leadership behaviors significantly enhance teacher performance, with an estimated rate of 0.89. This study highlights the importance of the relationship between leaders and followers, task structure, and position power in fostering an environment conducive to teacher performance improvement.
Similarly, found that principal leadership, along with work motivation, significantly influences teacher performance. The study conducted at Rejang Lebong 1 Public Middle School showed that both principal leadership and work motivation have a substantial impact on teacher performance, emphasizing the need for principals to exhibit good traits, behaviors, and skills.
The influence of principal leadership extends beyond teacher performance to student achievement. Research by concluded that principal leadership and teacher performance both partially and simultaneously affect student achievement. This finding underscores the indirect role of principal leadership in shaping student outcomes through its impact on teacher performance.
Moreover, explored the effects of principal leadership on student reading achievement, revealing that while there are no direct effects, principal leadership significantly shapes the school's learning climate, which in turn affects student achievement. This study supports the notion that principal leadership indirectly influences student outcomes by creating a positive instructional climate.
Several studies have identified mediating factors that influence the relationship between principal leadership and teacher performance. For instance, highlighted the roles of professional community, trust, efficacy, and shared responsibility in how teachers experience principal leadership. The presence of shared leadership and professional community was found to be crucial in enhancing instructional practices among teachers.
Additionally, examined the relationship between principal leadership, teacher-related factors (e.g., job satisfaction, self-efficacy, and collaboration), and student achievement in science. The study found that principal leadership positively affects student science achievement, with job satisfaction and collaboration being positively associated with principal leadership.
The effectiveness of different leadership styles and strategies has also been a focus of research. A systematic literature review by identified various methods employed by principals to improve teacher performance, including discipline methods, providing motivation, work coaching, giving rewards, and controlling and supervising teacher performance. The study suggests that democratic leadership styles, good communication, and charisma are effective in enhancing teacher performance.
Furthermore, emphasized the importance of work discipline alongside principal leadership in improving teacher performance. The study found that both principal leadership and work discipline have a significant impact on teacher performance, highlighting the need for principals to enforce discipline and create a structured work environment.
The availability of infrastructure and support also plays a critical role in the effectiveness of principal leadership. According to, the quality of infrastructure significantly impacts teacher performance. The study concluded that better infrastructure resources lead to improved teacher performance, suggesting that principals should ensure adequate infrastructure to support teachers' instructional activities.
The literature consistently shows that principal leadership is a crucial factor in enhancing teacher performance and, indirectly, student achievement. Effective leadership behaviors, supportive professional communities, and adequate infrastructure are essential components that mediate this relationship. By adopting appropriate leadership styles and strategies, principals can create an environment that fosters teacher performance and ultimately improves educational outcomes.
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