Tebok soil series malaysia
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These studies suggest that direct application of NCNP is beneficial for sweet corn production and improves soil chemistry in highly weathered acid soils in Malaysia, while separate research using the RUSLE model with GIS indicates high soil erosion risk in the Tasik Chini Catchment, which could lead to significant sediment influx into the lake without preventive actions.
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Tebok Soil Series in Malaysia: Characteristics and Agricultural Implications
Introduction to Tebok Soil Series
The Tebok soil series, classified as Typic Kandiudult, is a significant soil type found in Malaysia. This soil series is characterized by its highly weathered, acidic nature, which poses unique challenges and opportunities for agricultural production and environmental management.
Phosphate Fertilization on Tebok Soil Series
Phosphate Rock vs. Triple Superphosphate
A field experiment conducted on the Tebok soil series evaluated the effectiveness of different phosphate fertilizers for sweet corn production. The study compared reactive North Carolina natural phosphate (NCNP) and unreactive China phosphate rock (CPR) with water-soluble triple superphosphate (TSP) at various application rates.
Crop Yield and Nutrient Monitoring
The results indicated that TSP at 50 kg P ha-1 produced the highest number of marketable cobs in the first crop. In contrast, higher rates of NCNP (100 kg P ha-1) and CPR (200 kg P ha-1) were required to achieve similar yields. However, in subsequent crops, NCNP at levels above 50 kg P ha-1 performed comparably to TSP at 50 kg P ha-1.
Soil and Plant Nutrient Analysis
Phosphorus concentration in ear-leaves was adequate in the first two crops across all treatments but dropped below adequate levels in the third crop. Calcium levels remained sufficient throughout the study. Soil analysis revealed that only plots treated with TSP at 200 kg P ha-1 maintained adequate Olsen-P levels after the first crop. NCNP treatments at 100 and 200 kg P ha-1 showed increased extractable P levels after the second crop, a trend that continued after the third crop.
Soil pH and Chemical Characteristics
Significant changes in soil pH were observed only after the third crop, with NCNP treatments increasing soil pH and exchangeable calcium levels. This suggests that repeated applications of NCNP can improve some chemical characteristics of highly weathered acid soils like the Tebok series, making it a viable option for sustainable sweet corn production.
Soil Erosion in Tebok Soil Series
Erosion Risk Assessment
A study using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) assessed soil erosion rates in the Tasik Chini Catchment, which includes the Tebok soil series. The analysis considered factors such as rainfall erosivity, topography, land cover, and management practices.
Erosion Rates and Soil Series Comparison
The Tebok soil series was among the five soil series identified with a low rate of soil loss, indicating its relative stability compared to other soil types in the region. The study classified erosion potential zones into five classes, with the majority of the area (71.54%) falling within the very low erosion risk class. This suggests that the Tebok soil series, while susceptible to erosion, generally maintains a lower erosion rate compared to more vulnerable soil series like Kedah, which exhibited the highest erosion rates.
Conclusion
The Tebok soil series in Malaysia presents both challenges and opportunities for agricultural production and environmental management. Phosphate fertilization studies indicate that while TSP is initially more effective, NCNP can be a sustainable alternative with repeated applications, improving soil chemical properties over time. Additionally, the Tebok soil series demonstrates a relatively low erosion rate, making it a stable option for cultivation in erosion-prone regions. These insights are crucial for developing effective soil management and fertilization strategies to optimize agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability in Malaysia.
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