Types of yogurt
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Types of Yogurt: A Comprehensive Overview
Traditional Dairy Yogurt
Cow's Milk Yogurt
Cow's milk yogurt is the most common type of yogurt consumed worldwide. It is produced by fermenting cow's milk with lactic acid bacteria, primarily Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus . This type of yogurt is known for its balanced texture and flavor, making it a staple in many diets .
Buffalo's Milk Yogurt
Buffalo's milk yogurt is richer in fat and protein compared to cow's milk yogurt. This results in a creamier texture and a higher nutritional value. Studies have shown that buffalo's milk yogurt has superior rheological properties, such as higher viscosity and better water-holding capacity, compared to cow's milk yogurt .
Sheep's Milk Yogurt
Sheep's milk yogurt is another variant that is high in fat and protein. It is known for its thick consistency and rich taste. This type of yogurt also excels in sensory evaluations, making it a preferred choice for those seeking a more indulgent yogurt experience .
Goat's Milk Yogurt
Goat's milk yogurt is less common but is appreciated for its unique flavor and digestibility. It has a lower viscosity and different textural properties compared to cow's and buffalo's milk yogurts. Goat's milk yogurt is often recommended for individuals with cow's milk allergies .
Non-Dairy Yogurt
Oat Milk Yogurt
Oat milk yogurt is a popular non-dairy alternative. It is produced by fermenting oat milk, which can be pasteurized using thermal or UV-C-assisted thermal processes. Oat milk yogurt has been found to have favorable textural properties, such as higher hardness and adhesive forces, and lower syneresis values during storage .
Functional and Probiotic Yogurt
Probiotic Yogurt
Probiotic yogurt contains beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis. These probiotics enhance the yogurt's health benefits, including improved antioxidant status and better management of blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients 59. Probiotic yogurt has also been shown to improve lipid profiles, reducing total cholesterol and LDL-C levels .
Yogurt with Natural Additives
Incorporating natural additives into yogurt can enhance its nutritional and nutraceutical properties. Additives such as moringa, date palm, grape seeds, and chia seed extracts have been used to improve the yogurt's antioxidant properties, viscosity, and water-holding capacity 18. These enriched yogurts offer additional health benefits, such as reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and improving overall antioxidant status 18.
Health Benefits of Yogurt
Diabetes Management
Yogurt consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Observational studies and meta-analyses have shown that regular yogurt intake can lower the risk of developing diabetes by improving glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity . Probiotic yogurts, in particular, have been effective in managing blood glucose levels and enhancing antioxidant status in diabetic patients .
Cardiovascular Health
Yogurt, especially probiotic varieties, has been linked to improved cardiovascular health. Regular consumption can lead to reductions in total cholesterol and LDL-C levels, which are critical factors in managing cardiovascular disease risk .
Cancer Prevention
Fermented dairy products, including yogurt, have been associated with a reduced risk of certain cancers, such as breast and colorectal cancer. The probiotic content and fermentation process are believed to contribute to these protective effects .
Conclusion
Yogurt is a versatile and nutritious food that comes in various types, each with unique properties and health benefits. From traditional dairy yogurts made from cow, buffalo, sheep, and goat milk to non-dairy alternatives like oat milk yogurt, there is a wide range of options to suit different dietary needs and preferences. Functional and probiotic yogurts further enhance the health benefits, making yogurt a valuable addition to a balanced diet.
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