What are the symptoms of lactic acidosis
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Consensus Meter
Symptoms of Lactic Acidosis
Lactic acidosis is a serious medical condition characterized by the buildup of lactic acid in the body, leading to a decrease in blood pH. This condition can present with a variety of symptoms, which can sometimes be subtle and easily overlooked. Below, we explore the common symptoms associated with lactic acidosis, drawing on insights from multiple research studies.
General Symptoms of Lactic Acidosis
Nausea, Vomiting, and Anorexia
One of the most frequently reported symptoms of lactic acidosis is gastrointestinal distress, including nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. These symptoms were observed in several patients with HIV infection who developed lactic acidosis without an obvious cause. Similarly, in a study of hospitalized patients with HIV treated with antiretroviral therapy, abdominal pain, nausea, and emesis were common presenting symptoms.
Hyperventilation and Dyspnea
Hyperventilation, or increased depth and frequency of breathing, is a distinctive symptom of lactic acidosis. This symptom is often accompanied by dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, as the body attempts to compensate for the metabolic acidosis by expelling more carbon dioxide. In cases of D-lactic acidosis, Kussmaul breathing, a deep and labored breathing pattern, is also commonly observed.
Fatigue and Malaise
Patients with lactic acidosis often report a general sense of fatigue and malaise. This was noted in HIV-infected patients who developed lactic acidosis, where fever and malaise were common symptoms. These nonspecific symptoms can make early diagnosis challenging.
Neurological Symptoms
Confusion and Altered Mental Status
Neurological symptoms such as confusion, slurred speech, and altered mental status are particularly associated with D-lactic acidosis. This form of lactic acidosis can occur in individuals with short bowel syndrome or following certain surgeries, and patients may appear drunk due to these symptoms. Brain fogginess, a symptom characterized by confusion and cognitive impairment, has also been linked to D-lactic acidosis in patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).
Ataxia and Gait Disturbances
Ataxia, or lack of muscle coordination, and gait disturbances are additional neurological symptoms seen in D-lactic acidosis. These symptoms can significantly impact a patient's mobility and quality of life.
Severe Symptoms and Complications
Cardiovascular Shock
In severe cases of lactic acidosis, cardiovascular shock can occur due to reduced myocardial contractility. This can lead to a rapid decline in the patient's condition and requires immediate medical intervention.
Multiple-Organ Failure
Lactic acidosis can progress to multiple-organ failure if not promptly diagnosed and treated. This was observed in a study of HIV-infected patients, where rapid progression to multiple-organ failure was noted in several cases.
Death
The mortality rate for severe lactic acidosis is high, particularly when blood lactate levels exceed 9 mmol/L. In such cases, mortality may exceed 75%. This underscores the importance of early recognition and treatment of the condition.
Conclusion
Lactic acidosis presents with a range of symptoms, from gastrointestinal distress and hyperventilation to severe neurological and cardiovascular complications. Early recognition of these symptoms is crucial for prompt diagnosis and treatment, which can significantly improve patient outcomes. Understanding the diverse presentation of lactic acidosis can aid clinicians in identifying and managing this potentially life-threatening condition effectively.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic