4-Aminopyridine — A Review

doi:10.1177/0310057X8201000205

Paper

4-Aminopyridine — A Review

Published May 1, 1982 · N. Soni, P. Kam

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care

Q2 SJR score

29

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1

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Abstract

4-aminopyridine is the first of the aminopyridines to be used in clinical practice. It blocks potassium channels and thereby increases acetylcholine, and possibly noradrenaline, release at nerve terminals. In man the drug has a significant action at the neuromuscular junction, but has little effect on the autonomic nervous system or muscle (smooth, skeletal, or cardiac) although such actions have been demonstrated in animals. It may be clinically useful in the reversal of nondepolariser blockade and a role in antibiotic associated block has been proposed. It may be used effectively as an analeptic agent. It appears to be a useful therapeutic agent in myasthenia gravis and Eaton Lambert syndrome, although of limited use in botulism. Its effects on the central nervous system are considerable. These account for the major side effects of the drug which include tremor, excitability and convulsions.

Study Snapshot

4-aminopyridine is a useful drug for treating myasthenia gravis and Eaton Lambert syndrome, but has side effects including tremor, excitability, and convulsions.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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4-Aminopyridine — A Review

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References

Pharmacokinetics of 4-aminopyridine in human volunteers. A preliminary study using a new GLC method for its estimation.

The pharmacokinetics of 4-aminopyridine in human volunteers are complicated by an additional increase in plasma concentration during the elimination phase, which can be estimated using a new GLC method.

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4-aminopyridine's widespread effects on the cardiovascular systems of cats and dogs make it unsuitable for routine use as an antagonist to non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs.

4-Aminopyridine reversal of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in normocapnic and hypercapnic patients.

4-aminopyridine partially reverses postoperative respiratory depression after large doses of fentanyl, but has no effect on breathing when given alone before surgery.

Antagonism of ketamine-diazepam anaesthesia by 4-aminopyridine in human volunteers.

4-aminopyridine significantly enhances the rate of recovery to full consciousness and normal motor co-ordination in patients after ketamine-diazepam anesthesia.

Treatment with oral 4‐aminopyridine in disorders of neuromuscular transmission

Oral 4-aminopyridine is effective in treating neuromuscular disorders, but its use is limited due to frequent and unpredictable central side effects.

Do neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine inhibit the antibacterial activity of antibiotics?

Neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine do not interfere with antibiotics' antibacterial activity in bacterial cultures.

ANTAGONISM OF KETAMINE-DIAZEPAM ANAESTHESIA BY 4-AMINOPYRINDINE IN HUMAN VOLUNTEERS

4-aminopyridine significantly enhances the rate of recovery to full consciousness and normal motor coordination after ketamine-diazepam anesthesia in human volunteers.

Citations

Kinetic modelling and proposed mechanistic pathway for photocatalytic degradation of 4-aminopyridine using cuprous oxide nanoparticles

Cuprous oxide nanoparticles effectively degrade 4-aminopyridine in visible light, removing 80% of its carbon and 82% of its oxygen demand, with a high kinetic model suggesting a mechanistic pathway.

Liver and kidney damage induced by 4-aminopyridine in a repeated dose (28 days) oral toxicity study in rats: gene expression profile of hybrid cell death.

4-aminopyridine induces in vivo liver and kidney damage in rats, with necrotic and apoptotic pathways as main pathways of cell death.

Alkylpyridines and Miscellaneous Organic Nitrogen Compounds

This chapter reviews various organic nitrogen compounds, including pyridine, pesticides, and industrial solvents, with new information on their toxicological effects and industrial applications.

Sugammadex in clinical practice

Sugammadex allows greater flexibility in the use of rocuronium and vecuronium during anesthesia and surgery, with a safe and acceptable safety profile.

Muscle Relaxants—Reversal Agents

Muscle relaxants can be reversed by a variety of drugs, including morphine, neostigmine, and ephedrine, ensuring patient safety during anesthesia.

The use of 4-aminopyridine (fampridine) in demyelinating disorders.

4-Aminopyridine shows potential in restoring central conduction deficits due to demyelination, but current clinical trials lack sufficient evidence for regulatory approval.

An unusual case of 4-aminopyridine toxicity.

Overdose of 4-aminopyridine can cause serious medical conditions, such as atrial fibrillation, hypothermia, and neurological changes mistaken for an acute cerebrovascular accident.

Block of Na+,K+-ATPase and Induction of Hybrid Death by 4-Aminopyridine in Cultured Cortical Neurons

4-aminopyridine is a potent antagonist of Na+,K+-ATPase and induces hybrid death in cultured cortical neurons by blocking Na+,K+-pump activity and inducing concomitant apoptosis and necrosis.

Potassium currents in vestibular type ii hair cells activated by hydrostatic pressure

Elevated hydrostatic pressure activates a charybdotoxin-sensitive potassium current in vestibular hair cells, potentially altering their frequency response and disrupting transduction.