Biological activities of 2,4-dinitrophenol in plant-soil systems

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5479-9_1

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Biological activities of 2,4-dinitrophenol in plant-soil systems

Published 1983 · P. Shea, J. Weber, M. Overcash

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Abstract

2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP)is a phenol prepared by alkaline hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene which in turn is prepared from the nitration of monochlorobenzene (Hartford 1973). Alternative routes of preparation are by nitration of monochlorobenzene (Hartford 1973). Alternative routes of preparation are by nitration of benzene with NO2 and mercurous nitrate or by the oxidation of m-dinitrobenzene. Pure DNP is a solid of yellowish to yellow orthorhombic crystals, with molecular weight 184.11, density 1.683 g/ml, and melting point of 115° to 116°C (Windholz 1976). It has a water solubility of 6.0 g/L at 25°C (Morrison and Boyd 1973). DNP is soluble in most organic solvents and essentially nonvolatile, but does sublime at temperatures above its melting point (Windholz 1976). The compound is moderately acidic, with a pKA of 4.09 and ionizes as shown in Figure 1 (Pearce and Simpkins 1968). At pH 2.6, DNP is colorless but becomes yellow in solution at pH 4.4 and hence has been used as an indicator (Windholz 1976). DNP can also be used as a reagent to detect potassium and ammonium ions.

Study Snapshot

2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) has been used as an indicator for plant-soil systems, indicating the presence of fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms in soil.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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Paper

Biological activities of 2,4-dinitrophenol in plant-soil systems

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References

The penetration of 3:5-dinitro-o-cresol into leaves.

3:5-dinitro-o-cresol enters Sinapis arvensis leaves through diffusion, gaseous diffusion, and epidermal penetration, with minimal movement within the plant.

Effects of certain herbicides and their combinations on nitrate and nitrite reduction.

Combining photosynthetic inhibitor herbicides and certain nonphotosynthetic inhibitor herbicides can cause large nitrite accumulation in wheat leaves, indicating a need for nitrate and nitrite reduction in agriculture.

The metabolism of glucose in corn coleoptiles in relation to oxygen and 2,4-dinitrophenol

Restriction of oxygen and 2,4-dinitrophenol in corn coleoptiles leads to increased loss of labelled sugars and diversion of 14C from synthesis of insoluble tissue compounds, affecting glycolytic reactions.

STOMATAL RESPONSES TO 2,4‐DINITROPHENOL

2,4-dinitrophenol inhibits stomatal movement in Stachytarpheta indica leaves, mainly due to inhibition of starch hydrolysis and potassium ion transport.

RETENTION OF PHENOLIC ACIDS BY NONCRYSTALLINE HYDROXY‐ALUMINUM AND -IRON COMPOUNDS AND CLAY MINERALS OF SOILS

Noncrystalline hydroxy-Al and -Fe components in soils have a higher retention rate and capacity for phenolic acids than kaolinite, illite, and vermiculite, due to their high reactivity towards negatively charged carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups.

Microbial transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and other nitroaromatic compounds

Veillonella alkalescens enzymes can reduce various nitroaromatic compounds by hydrogen, with the most readily reduced being 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, depending on preparation, species, and atmosphere.

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