Biotransformation of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) by a wood-rotting fungus.

doi:10.1021/es4057483

Paper

Biotransformation of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) by a wood-rotting fungus.

Published Mar 14, 2014 · Nancy Tseng, Ning Wang, B. Szostek

Environmental science & technology

Q1 SJR score

62

Citations

3

Influential Citations

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Abstract

Biotransformation of 6:2 FTOH [F(CF2)6CH2CH2OH] by the white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, was investigated in laboratory studies. 6:2 FTOH is a raw material increasingly being used to replace products that can lead to long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs, ≥ 8 carbons). During a product's life cycle and after final disposal, 6:2 FTOH-derived compounds may be released into the environment and potentially biotransformed. In this study, P. chrysosporium transformed 6:2 FTOH to perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), polyfluorocarboxylic acids, and transient intermediates within 28 days. 5:3 Acid [F(CF2)5CH2CH2COOH] was the most abundant transformation product, accounting for 32-43 mol % of initially applied 6:2 FTOH in cultures supplemented with lignocellulosic powder, yeast extract, cellulose, and glucose. PFCAs, including perfluoropentanoic (PFPeA) and perfluorohexanoic (PFHxA) acids, accounted for 5.9 mol % after 28-day incubation. Furthermore, four new transformation products as 6:2 FTOH conjugates or 5:3 acid analogues were structurally confirmed. These results demonstrate that P. chrysosporium has the necessary biochemical mechanisms to drive 6:2 FTOH biotransformation pathways toward more degradable polyfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids, such as 5:3 acid, with lower PFCA yields compared to aerobic soil, sludge, and microbial consortia. Since bacteria and fungi appear to contribute differently toward the environmental loading of FTOH-derived PFCAs and polyfluorocarboxylic acids, wood-rotting fungi should be evaluated as potential candidates for the bioremediation of wastewater and groundwater contaminated with fluoroalkyl substances.

Study Snapshot

Phanerochaete chrysosporium effectively biotransforms 6:2 FTOH into more degradable polyfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids, making it a potential candidate for bioremediation of fluoroalkyl-contaminated wastewater and groundwater.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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Paper

Biotransformation of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) by a wood-rotting fungus.

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References

2010/2015 PFOA Stewardship Program - 2014 Annual Progress Reports

The 2010/15 PFOA Stewardship Program has achieved a 95 percent reduction in global facility emissions and product content of PFOA and related chemicals by 2010, with progress reports available for 2014 and 2015.

6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) biodegradation by multiple microbial species under different physiological conditions

Microbial biodegradation of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol is influenced by strain types, enzyme inducers, and reducing energy levels, with P. fluorescens DSM 8341 producing perfluorobutanoic acid and P. butanovora producing diverse metabol

Aerobic soil biotransformation of 6:2 fluorotelomer iodide.

6:2 fluorotelomer iodide (F(CF2)6CH2CH2I) can undergo aerobic soil biotransformation to produce PFPeA, PFHpA, PFHxA, 5:3 acid, and 4:3 acid, potentially impacting the environment.

6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol aerobic biotransformation in activated sludge from two domestic wastewater treatment plants.

6:2 FTOH biotransformation in activated sludge from domestic wastewater treatment plants produces volatile 5:2 sFTOH, non-volatile PFHxA, and 5:3 acid, with microbial populations potentially lacking enzymes or suitable conditions for rapid decarboxylation.

6:2 and 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol anaerobic biotransformation in digester sludge from a WWTP under methanogenic conditions.

Anaerobic biotransformation of FTOH-based products in WWTP digester sludge under methanogenic conditions may produce polyfluorinated acids, but is not likely a major source of PFCAs in anaerobic environmental matrices.

Citations

Advances in Bioremediation Strategies for PFAS-Contaminated Water and Soil

A critical science mapping approach on removal mechanism and pathways of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water and wastewater: A comprehensive review

Available and emerging liquid treatment technologies for PFASs

White Rot Fungi as Tools for the Bioremediation of Xenobiotics: A Review

An Overview of Treatments for Ultraviolet Quenching Substances (UVQS) and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Removal from Landfill Leachate

Stability and Biotransformation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Sulfonic Acid, Sulfonamide Amine Oxide, and Sulfonamide Alkylbetaine in Aerobic Sludge.

The untold story of PFAS alternatives: Insights into the occurrence, ecotoxicological impacts, and removal strategies in the aquatic environment.