Bleaching Activities of Substituted Pyrimidines and Structure-Activity Comparison to Related Heterocyclic Derivatives

doi:10.1006/PEST.2001.2545

Paper

Bleaching Activities of Substituted Pyrimidines and Structure-Activity Comparison to Related Heterocyclic Derivatives

Published Jun 1, 2001 · G. Sandmann

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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Abstract

Abstract The bleaching mode of action of 2,4-diphenyl pyrimidine derivatives was established by determination of the decreased formation of colored carotenoids and the accumulation of phytoene. Direct inhibition of the target enzyme phytoene desaturase was demonstrated by in vitro assays, which excludes p -hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase as a mode of action target. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco plants which express a bacterial phytoene desaturase that lacks the inhibition site also exhibited resitance to the pyrimidines. Structure-activity investigations of direct interaction of the pyrimidine derivatives with the target enzyme were carried out and established the importance of a defined length of the 5-substituent. Comparison of different central heterocycles with similar substitutions revealed that the inhibitory activities of pyrimidines and pyrimidinones were higher than the activities of pyridines and triazines. It is proposed that the important features for interaction/inhibition of phytoene desaturase are the negative charge at N-3 and the space filling of the 5-substituents.

Study Snapshot

Substituted pyrimidines effectively bleach plants by inhibiting phytoene desaturase, with the negative charge at N-3 and space filling of the 5-substituents being key features.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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Paper

Bleaching Activities of Substituted Pyrimidines and Structure-Activity Comparison to Related Heterocyclic Derivatives

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References

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Substituted 3-trifluoromethyl-1,1′-benzoxazole and biphenyl herbicides inhibit phytoene desaturase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of colored carotenoids, with some up to 400-fold more potent than commercial bleaching herbicides

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2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis in plants, potentially reducing the use of these compounds in agriculture.

Citations

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This study proposes a novel method for synthesizing C2functionalized pyrimidine derivatives using phenylalkynes and pyrimidine disulfides under ambient conditions, with good compatibility with substrates substituted by electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups at C4.

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SYP-34773 effectively inhibits the growth of plant pathogens, particularly Phytophthora infestans, with excellent control efficacy against potato and tomato blight diseases.

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Microwaves effectively aid in the synthesis of 2-anilinopyrimidines, which show potential bioactivity, compared to conventional heating methods.

Design, synthesis, insecticidal, and acaricidal activities of novel pyrimidinamine derivatives containing a biphenyl ether

Novel pyrimidinamine derivatives with biphenyl ether moiety show promising insecticidal and acaricidal activities against lepidopteran and hemiptera insects.

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Fluorine substitution and elimination reactions in organofluorinated compounds are feasible using fluoro-alkenes, alkynes, imines, or carbonyl derivatives, contributing to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.

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4-phenyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2-aminopyrimidine compounds show excellent fungicidal activity against Botrytis cinerea, with a different mechanism of action than cyprodinil, offering potential for efficient management of this fungus.

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5-heterocycloxy-3-methyl-1-substituted-1H-pyrazoles show excellent herbicidal activities at 100 mg/L, with compound 5-chloro-2-((3-methyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5

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