Cortistatin Is Expressed in a Distinct Subset of Cortical Interneurons

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-15-05868.1997

Paper

Cortistatin Is Expressed in a Distinct Subset of Cortical Interneurons

Published Aug 1, 1997 · L. de Lecea, J. D. del Río, J. Criado

The Journal of Neuroscience

Q1 SJR score

145

Citations

5

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Abstract

Cortistatin is a presumptive neuropeptide that shares 11 of its 14 amino acids with somatostatin. In contrast to somatostatin, administration of cortistatin into the rat brain ventricles specifically enhances slow wave sleep, apparently by antagonizing the effects of acetylcholine on cortical excitability. Here we show that preprocortistatin mRNA is expressed in a subset of GABAergic cells in the cortex and hippocampus that partially overlap with those containing somatostatin. A significant percentage of cortistatin-positive neurons is also positive for parvalbumin. In contrast, no colocalization was found between cortistatin and calretinin, cholecystokinin, or vasoactive intestinal peptide. During development there is a transient increase in cortistatin-expressing cells in the second postnatal week in all cortical areas and in the dentate gyrus. A transient expression of preprocortistatin mRNA in the hilar region at P16 is paralleled by electrophysiological changes in dentate granule cells. Together, these observations suggest mechanisms by which cortistatin may regulate cortical activity.

In Vitro Study

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Study Snapshot

Cortistatin is expressed in a distinct subset of GABAergic cells in the cortex and hippocampus, suggesting potential mechanisms for regulating cortical activity.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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Cortistatin Is Expressed in a Distinct Subset of Cortical Interneurons

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References

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Mouse and human preprocortistatin cDNAs were identified, suggesting that cortistatin-14 is the only active peptide derived from the precursor, and that its gene map is conserved with human 1p36.

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Postsynaptic currents in rat dentate gyrus granule cells show developmental changes, with mature neurons showing monoexponential decays and intermediate and immature neurons showing slower decays.

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A phenotypic shift occurs during development of some cortical interneurons, halting calbindin D28k expression while parvalbumin expression begins, supporting the idea that different types of nonpyramidal neuron arise from a common progenitor.

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Cortistatin, a neuropeptide similar to somatostatin, induces low-frequency waves in the cerebral cortex and may play a role in cortical synchronization related to sleep.

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Individual GABAergic interneurons effectively synchronize hippocampal pyramidal cells at 4-7 Hz, potentially enabling information coding in cortical networks.

Citations

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Insomnia patients have lower peripheral BDNF levels compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential link between disturbed sleep and mental disorders.

Somatostatin slows Aβ plaque deposition in aged APPNL-F/NL-F mice by blocking Aβ aggregation in a neprilysin-independent manner

Somatostatin slows A plaque deposition in aged mice by blocking A aggregation in a neprilysin-independent manner.

Differential expression of somatostatin genes in the central nervous system of the sea lamprey

Somatostatin genes (SSTa, SSTb, and SSTc) show differential expression in the sea lamprey central nervous system, providing insights into the evolution of the somatostatinergic system in vertebrates.

Decoding shared versus divergent transcriptomic signatures across cortico-amygdala circuitry in PTSD and depressive disorders

PTSD and major depressive disorder share unique transcriptional patterns in the brain, with cortistatin-expressing interneurons potentially playing a role in both disorders.