Paper
Drugs for Treatment of Thyroid Gland Diseases
Published 2019 · R. Seifert
Basic Knowledge of Pharmacology
0
Citations
0
Influential Citations
Abstract
The thyroid hormones T4 and T3 regulate nearly every body function. Thyrocytes take up iodide and incorporate it into tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin via TPO. Iodinated tyrosine residues are condensed to yield T3 and T4. Following proteolytic cleavage of thyroglobulin, T3 and T4 are secreted into the blood. In the liver, T4 is deiodinated into the biologically active T3. Hyperthyroidism is due to increased synthesis of T4 and T3. Stimulation of the TSHR with autoantibodies is one cause of hyperthyroidism. It is treated with TPO inhibitors. For goiter prophylaxis (inhibition of TSH secretion), potassium iodide and low-dose T4 are administered. Alternatively, hyperthyroidism can be treated with 131iodide, selectively destroying thyrocytes with energy-rich β-radiation. Cardiovascular symptoms of hyperthyroidism (tachycardia and hypertension) can be treated with β1AR antagonists, agitation with benzodiazepines, and diarrhea with loperamide. In hypothyroidism, synthesis of T4 and T3 is reduced. Hashimoto’s autoimmune thyroiditis and iodine-deficiency goiter are common causes of hypothyroidism. This disease is treated with T4 because it ensures more consistent effects than T3. In case of iodide deficiency, potassium iodide is substituted.
Thyroid hormones T4 and T3 are used to treat hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, respectively, with TPO inhibitors and 131iodide being the main treatments.
Sign up to use Study Snapshot
Consensus is limited without an account. Create an account or sign in to get more searches and use the Study Snapshot.
Full text analysis coming soon...