New Evidence against Chromium as an Essential Trace Element.

doi:10.3945/jn.117.255901

Paper

New Evidence against Chromium as an Essential Trace Element.

Published Dec 1, 2017 · J. Vincent

The Journal of nutrition

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157

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3

Influential Citations

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Abstract

Nearly 60 y ago, chromium, as the trivalent ion, was proposed to be an essential element, but the results of new studies indicate that chromium currently can only be considered pharmacologically active and not an essential element. Regardless, articles still continue to appear in the literature claiming chromium is an essential element. Chromium has been marketed as an agent to reduce body mass and develop muscle; however, such marketing claims are no longer allowed in the United States because these claims, similar to claims of essential status, are not supported by experiments. Trivalent chromium has also been proposed as a therapeutic agent to increase insulin sensitivity and affect lipid metabolism. Although effective in certain rodent models, beneficial effects in humans have not been unequivocally established. Molecular mechanisms have been proposed for the beneficial effects but have not been definitively shown to occur in animals.

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Study Snapshot

Chromium is not an essential trace element, and its potential benefits for weight loss, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism remain unproven in humans.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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Paper

New Evidence against Chromium as an Essential Trace Element.

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References

Effect of supplementing chromium histidinate and picolinate complexes along with biotin on insulin sensitivity and related metabolic indices in rats fed a high‐fat diet

Biotin supplementation with chromium complexes, particularly CrHis, to a high-fat diet improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic indices in rats.

Is the Pharmacological Mode of Action of Chromium(III) as a Second Messenger?

Chromium(III) may increase insulin sensitivity by acting as a second messenger, potentially benefiting individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for chromium.

An Adequate Intake of 3 mg/day is proposed for adults, including pregnant and lactating women, and 0.02–0.5 mg/day for infants aged 7-11 months.

Is chromium pharmacologically relevant?

Chromium shows potential pharmacological effects in rodent models of insulin resistance and diabetes, but its pharmacological role in humans remains unclear due to a smaller dose and potential differences in responses.

Solid-state structural studies of chromium(III) nicotinato nutritional supplements.

Cr(III) nicotinato nutritional supplements are nicotinato-bridged polymers of dihydroxido-bridged dinuclear Cr(III) cores, with their structures varying depending on the reactants and pH value of the solution.

Citations

Chromium removal via coprecipitation with carbonates and iron oxyhydroxides minerals: The effect of organic complexing agents.

Chromium removal from wastewater can be improved by coprecipitation with iron oxyhydroxides and calcium carbonates, with organic compounds enhancing the removal process.

The role of photooxidation and organic matter in Cr(III) and Cr(VI) interactions with poly(lactic acid) microplastics in aqueous solution.

Organic matter and photooxidation of microplastics significantly increase chromium adsorption, highlighting the importance of organic matter and photoaging for trace metal pollution mobility in the environment.

Integrative biomonitoring in Litopenaeus vannamei: Metal analysis and biochemical markers.

Litopenaeus vannamei from East Midnapore is safe for human consumption, with trace element levels within safety limits and biochemical markers as reliable indicators of pollution in open water systems.

Luminescent Properties of Near-Infrared-Emitting Cr3+-activated beta-Ca3(PO4)2

Cr3+-activated beta-Ca3(PO4)2 exhibits near-infrared photoluminescence, with the strongest emission at 0.1 mol% Cr3+, and afterglow after X-ray irradiation lasting at least 8 hours.

Elemental Analysis of Particulate Matter Produced During Firework Events in the City of Rijeka, Croatia

Firework events in Rijeka, Croatia, result in increased concentrations of certain elements, potentially harming human health, with the most notable increase observed during the 2018 New Year's celebration.