Historical development of glycidyl azide polymer

doi:10.2514/3.23514

Paper

Historical development of glycidyl azide polymer

Published May 1, 1992 · M. B. Frankel, L. R. Grant, J. Flanagan

Journal of Propulsion and Power

Q1 SJR score

177

Citations

1

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Abstract

The glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an energetic, thermally stable, insensitive, hydroxyl-terminated prepolymer with potential applications in advanced solid propellants including 1) class 1.3 nondetonable minimum smoke propellants, 2) clean propellants for solid rocket boosters, 3) gas generators/aircraft starter cartridges, 4) low-cost ASAT maneuver propulsion systems, and 5) high-performance space propellants for orbital transfer vehicles. The historical development of GAP from its conception is reviewed in this paper.

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Study Snapshot

Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) has potential applications in advanced solid propellants for various applications, including nondetonable minimum smoke propellants, clean rocket boosters, and low-cost ASAT maneuver propulsion systems.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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Historical development of glycidyl azide polymer

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References

Burning rate characteristics of GAP propellants

GAP-based composite propellants' burning rate and flame structure depend largely on the concentration of crystalline additives, making them different from conventional composite propellants.

Functionality Determination of Hydroxyl-Terminated Brepolymers

This paper presents a simple theory to determine number average functionality of prepolymers from gelation test data, improving prediction of cure behavior for both pure compounds and mixtures of prepolymers.

Manufacture of PCDE Prepolymer

Shell developed a process for making PCDE, successfully demonstrated it at 6 lb/hr, and a low temperature process was selected for increasing molecular weight and functionality.

Citations

Delving into the thermal and energetic properties of the polyvinyl azide along with its compatibility with nitrocellulose

Polyvinyl azide (PVA) shows promising energetic properties and good compatibility with nitrocellulose, enabling further improvements in energetic performances through blending or composite preparation.

High‐Performance Aluminum Fuels Induced by Monolayer Self‐Assembly of Nano‐Sized Energetic Fluoride Vesicles on the Surface

Nano-vesicular self-assembly on the surface of aluminum powder improves ignition, combustion, anti-agglomeration, and water-proof properties, leading to high-performance Al fuels.

N‐Azidoethyl azoles through N‐alkylation under highly harmonized reaction conditions: Synthesis, characterization, and complexation as energetic coordination compounds

This study developed customizable transfer reagents and a uniform reaction protocol for N-azidoethyl azoles, which can be used to create new lead-free primary explosives.

Structure and energetics of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene via density functional theory

The distribution of component monomer species significantly affects the condensed phase enthalpy of formation for hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, with more highly folded structures exhibiting lower enthalpies of formation.

Facile Synthesis of Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) in a Tetrabutylammonium Bromide/Ethylene Glycol BasedDeep Eutectic Solvent

A novel synthetic method for GAP using a tetrabutylammonium bromide and ethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvent allows for efficient production within hours, eliminating the need for organic solvents.

Correlation between the micro-structure and macroscopic mechanical properties of GAP-based propellant during aging

GAP-based propellants age due to chain breakage of crosslinking networks, decomposition of plasticizers, and dissolution of CL-20 particles, affecting their macroscopic mechanical properties.

Study on GAP Adhesive-Based Polymer Films, Energetic Polymer Composites and Application

GAP adhesive-based polymer films with a curing parameter of 2.2 can create environmentally friendly energetic polymer composites with high tensile strength and elongation.