Gut hormones and appetite control.

doi:10.1053/J.GASTRO.2007.03.048

Paper

Gut hormones and appetite control.

Published May 1, 2007 · A. Wren, S. Bloom

Gastroenterology

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461

Citations

18

Influential Citations

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Abstract

Many peptides are synthesized and released from the gastrointestinal tract. Although their roles in the regulation of gastrointestinal function have been known for some time, it is now evident that they also physiologically influence eating behavior. Our understanding of how neurohormonal gut-brain signaling regulates energy homeostasis has advanced significantly in recent years. Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide produced by the stomach, which appears to act as a meal initiator. Satiety signals derived from the intestine and pancreas include peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, oxyntomodulin, and cholecystokinin. Recent research suggests that gut hormones can be manipulated to regulate energy balance in humans, and that obese subjects retain sensitivity to the actions of gut hormones. Gut hormone-based therapies may thus provide an effective and well-tolerated treatment for obesity.

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Study Snapshot

Gut hormones influence appetite control and energy balance, suggesting they could be manipulated for effective and well-tolerated treatment of obesity.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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Gut hormones and appetite control.

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References

Critical role for peptide YY in protein-mediated satiation and body-weight regulation.

High-protein intake increases peptide YY release, leading to satiety and weight loss, suggesting that modulating satiety factors through diet changes could provide a rational therapy for obesity.

Ghrelin levels in young children with Prader-Willi syndrome.

Children 5 years of age with Prader-Willi syndrome have normal ghrelin levels, suggesting that ghrelin levels may increase before hyperphagia develops.

Peptide YY ablation in mice leads to the development of hyperinsulinaemia and obesity

Reduced peptide YY levels may predispose to obesity, particularly with ageing or under conditions of high-fat feeding.

Oxyntomodulin increases energy expenditure in addition to decreasing energy intake in overweight and obese humans: a randomised controlled trial

Oxyntomodulin increases energy expenditure while reducing energy intake, supporting its potential as an anti-obesity therapy.

Ghrelin neutralization by a ribonucleic acid-SPM ameliorates obesity in diet-induced obese mice.

Selective ghrelin blockade by NOX-B11-2 effectively promotes weight loss in diet-induced obese mice, providing validation for ghrelin neutralization as a potential antiobesity therapy.

Citations

Appetite-related Gut Hormone Responses to Feeding Across the Life Course

Appetite-related gut hormones change throughout the life course, impacting appetite and eating behavior, potentially contributing to undernutrition and a detrimental aging trajectory.

The gut microbiome and eating behavior outcomes: A systematic review.

The gut microbiome influences eating behavior, particularly appetite, satiety, energy intake, and weight gain, with prebiotic supplementation potentially reducing appetite and increasing satiety.

A comparative study of the effects of crude chicory and inulin on gut health in weaning piglets

Crude chicory flour is a promising, cost-effective alternative to inulin for improving gut health in weaned piglets.

The emerging role of gut hormones

Gut hormones play a crucial role in maintaining local homeostasis and regulating appetite, metabolism, and immune responses, contributing to a better understanding of gut homeostasis and systemic diseases.

Effects of Early Life Exposures to the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand TCDF on Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolic Homeostasis in C57BL/6J Mice

Early life exposure to TCDF disrupts gut microbiome and impairs metabolic homeostasis in mice, with effects persisting into later life with potential health implications.

Novel Pharmaceuticals in Appetite Regulation: Exploring emerging gut peptides and their pharmacological prospects

Targeting gut peptides like ghrelin, peptide YY, cholecystokinin, and amylin shows promise for developing effective anti-obesity pharmaceuticals.

Understanding Age-Related Changes: Exploring the Interplay of Protein Intake, Physical Activity, and Appetite in the Ageing Population.

Increased protein intake and physical activity can help maintain or enhance appetite in older adults, potentially preventing malnutrition and improving muscle mass and independence.