Melatonin differentially affects vascular blood flow in humans.

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00710.2010

Paper

Melatonin differentially affects vascular blood flow in humans.

Published Feb 1, 2011 · Jonathan S. Cook, Charity L. Sauder, C. Ray

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology

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57

Citations

3

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Abstract

Melatonin is synthesized and released into the circulation by the pineal gland in a circadian rhythm. Melatonin has been demonstrated to differentially alter blood flow to assorted vascular beds by the activation of different melatonin receptors in animal models. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of melatonin on blood flow to various vascular beds in humans. Renal (Doppler ultrasound), forearm (venous occlusion plethysmography), and cerebral blood flow (transcranial Doppler), arterial blood pressure, and heart rate were measured in 10 healthy subjects (29±1 yr; 5 men and 5 women) in the supine position for 3 min. The protocol began 45 min after the ingestion of either melatonin (3 mg) or placebo (sucrose). Subjects returned at least 2 days later at the same time of day to repeat the trial after ingesting the other substance. Melatonin did not alter heart rate and mean arterial pressure. Renal blood flow velocity (RBFV) and renal vascular conductance (RVC) were lower during the melatonin trial compared with placebo (RBFV, 40.5±2.9 vs. 45.4±1.5 cm/s; and RVC, 0.47±0.02 vs. 0.54±0.01 cm·s(-1)·mmHg(-1), respectively). In contrast, forearm blood flow (FBF) and forearm vascular conductance (FVC) were greater with melatonin compared with placebo (FBF, 2.4±0.2 vs. 1.9±0.1 ml·100 ml(-1)·min(-1); and FVC, 0.029±0.003 vs. 0.023±0.002 arbitrary units, respectively). Melatonin did not alter cerebral blood flow measurements compared with placebo. Additionally, phentolamine (5-mg bolus) after melatonin reversed the decrease in RVC, suggesting that melatonin increases sympathetic outflow to the kidney to mediate renal vasoconstriction. In summary, exogenous melatonin differentially alters vascular blood flow in humans. These data suggest the complex nature of melatonin on the vasculature in humans.

RCT

Study Snapshot

Melatonin affects vascular blood flow in humans, affecting renal blood flow velocity and forearm blood flow, but not cerebral blood flow, suggesting a complex effect on the vasculature.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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Melatonin differentially affects vascular blood flow in humans.

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References

Exogenous melatonin administration modifies cutaneous vasoconstrictor response to whole body skin cooling in humans

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Valerian and melatonin use is common for insomnia, with usage often occurring outside the healthcare system and not involving a healthcare provider.

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Daytime exogenous melatonin administration shifts skin blood flow control to lower internal temperatures during heat stress, as seen at night.

No influence of melatonin on cerebral blood flow in humans.

Melatonin does not have an acute regulatory effect on cerebral blood flow in humans, but significantly increases peripheral blood flow.

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Melatonin can reduce sympathetic nerve activity during orthostatic stress in humans, potentially through changes to baroreflexes.

Citations

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The effects of resveratrol and melatonin on cardiac dysfunction in diabetic elderly female rats.

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