Metabonomic assessment of toxicity of 4‐fluoroaniline, 3,5‐difluoroaniline and 2‐fluoro‐4‐methylaniline to the earthworm Eisenia veneta (rosa): Identification of new endogenous biomarkers

doi:10.1002/etc.5620210926

Paper

Metabonomic assessment of toxicity of 4‐fluoroaniline, 3,5‐difluoroaniline and 2‐fluoro‐4‐methylaniline to the earthworm Eisenia veneta (rosa): Identification of new endogenous biomarkers

Published Sep 1, 2002 · J. Bundy, E. Lenz, N. J. Bailey

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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118

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11

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Abstract

High‐resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be used to produce a biochemical fingerprint of low‐molecular‐weight metabolites from complex biological mixtures such as tissue extracts and biofluids. Changes in such fingerprint profiles can be used to characterize the effects of toxic insult in in vivo systems. The technique is nonselective and requires little sample preparation or derivatization. In the present study, earthworms (Eisenia veneta) were exposed to three different model xenobiotics by a standard filter paper contact test, and toxicant‐induced biochemical changes were then investigated by characterizing the changes in endogenous metabolites visible in 600‐MHz 1H NMR spectra of tissue extracts. The NMR spectral intensities were converted to discrete numerical values and tabulated in order to provide data matrices suitable for multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis showed that changes had occurred in the biochemical profiles relative to the undosed controls. The 2‐fluoro‐4‐methylaniline—treated worms showed a decrease in a resonance from a compound identified as 2‐hexyl‐5‐ethyl‐3‐furansulfonate using a combination of high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)—Fourier transform mass spectrometry (IonSpec, Lake Forest, CA, USA) and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. An increase in inosine monophosphate was also observed. The 4‐fluoroaniline—treated worms showed a decrease in maltose concentrations, and 3,5‐difluoroaniline exerted the same effect as 2‐fluoro‐4‐methylaniline but to a lesser extent. These changes could potentially be used as novel biomarkers of xenobiotic toxicity and could be used to determine the mechanism of action of other toxic chemicals.

Non-RCT

Animal Study

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Study Snapshot

Earthworms exposed to 2fluoro-4methylaniline show decreased resonance from 2hexyl-5-ethyl-3-furansulfonate, increased inosine monophosphate, and decreased maltose concentrations, potentially serving as novel biomarkers for xeno

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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Paper

Metabonomic assessment of toxicity of 4‐fluoroaniline, 3,5‐difluoroaniline and 2‐fluoro‐4‐methylaniline to the earthworm Eisenia veneta (rosa): Identification of new endogenous biomarkers

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References

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NMR spectroscopy can identify potential biomarkers in earthworms, with maltose being a potential biomarker compound for ecotoxicity testing.

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Ifosfamide treatment in rats leads to changes in the excretion pattern of small organic molecules in urine, but no significant changes in kidneys or livers.

Citations

Application of metabolomic methods to evaluate the impact of pollutants on soil organisms: Recent progress and future perspectives

Metabolism methods have improved our understanding of soil pollution's impact on organisms, highlighting the decline in soil organism health due to pollution.

A multiomics and network pharmacological study reveals the neuroprotective efficacy of Fu-Fang-Dan-Zhi tablets against glutamate-induced oxidative cell death

Fu-Fang-Dan-Zhi tablets effectively treat ischemic stroke by preventing glutamate-induced oxidative cell death through its neuroprotective properties.

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Sublethal doses of dichlorvos in soil for 14 days blocked energy metabolism, disrupted the Krebs cycle, and interfered with amino acid metabolism, causing toxic effects on earthworms.

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Sub-lethal imidacloprid exposure in soil leads to a less pronounced metabolic response in E. fetida earthworms compared to contact tests.

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The developed LC-MS method effectively determines 4-fluoroaniline concentration in ezetimibe with good linearity and accuracy within 92-99%.

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Atrazine exposure at sublethal concentrations reduces ATP synthesis and negatively impacts the health of earthworms, with NMR-based metabolomics providing a valuable tool for assessing sublethal toxicity.