M. Bornstein, D. Zlotnik
2008
Citations
6
Influential Citations
44
Citations
Journal
Journal name not available for this finding
Abstract
The type of parenting style a parent exhibits greatly affects child development. Diana Baumrind, Eleanor Maccoby, and John Martin were integral in identifying four main types of parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and indifferent. We explain how parenting style is manifested in infancy through early childhood. Additionally, we examine the characteristics of each parenting style and how each style affects children’s temperament, attachment relationships, academic success, and psychological development. The effects of parenting styles are embedded in class, cultural, and historical contexts. The typical definitions used for each parenting style may not accurately represent all cultures; therefore, we examine the effects of parenting styles for European, Asian, African, and Latin American cultures. Furthermore, we explain how various factors such as family socioeconomic status, maternal employment status, parental education level, parental stress, marital problems, and parental depression affect the parenting style a parent is likely to exhibit.