V. Alexeev, Sasmita Das, D. Finegold
Dec 1, 2004
Citations
6
Influential Citations
313
Citations
Quality indicators
Journal
Clinical chemistry
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently developed a photonic crystal glucose-sensing material, which consists of a crystalline colloidal array embedded within a polymer network of a polyacrylamide-poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel with pendent phenylboronic acid groups. The aim of the present work was to improve this approach for application to noninvasive or minimally invasive monitoring of glucose. METHODS We used new boronic acid derivatives such as 4-amino-3-fluorophenylboronic acid and 4-carboxy-3-fluorophenylboronic acid as the molecular recognition elements to achieve sensing at physiologic pH values. RESULTS The improved photonic glucose-sensing material sensed glucose in the range of the 100 mumol/L concentrations found in tear fluid. The detection limits were approximately 1 mumol/L in synthetic tear fluid. The visually evident diffraction color shifted across the entire visible spectral region from red to blue over the physiologically relevant tear-fluid glucose concentrations. This sensing material is selective for glucose over galactose, mannose, and fructose. CONCLUSIONS These new glucose sensors have properties appropriate for use in such glucose-sensing applications as ocular inserts or diagnostic contact lenses for patients with diabetes mellitus.