A review and perspective on the neural basis of radiological expertise

doi:10.25259/JCIS_135_2022

Paper

A review and perspective on the neural basis of radiological expertise

Published Oct 7, 2023 · Ryan Juien Chang, Rommy Elyan, Biyar Ahmed

Journal of Clinical Imaging Science

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Abstract

Radiological expertise requires tremendous time, effort, and training. While there has been a myriad of studies focusing on radiological expertise and error, the precise underlying neural mechanism still remains largely unexplored. In this article, we review potential neural mechanisms, namely, the fusiform face area, working memory, and predictive coding and propose experiments to test the predictive coding framework.

Study Snapshot

Key takeawayRadiological expertise may be influenced by the fusiform face area, working memory, and predictive coding, with potential experiments to test these mechanisms.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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A review and perspective on the neural basis of radiological expertise

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References

Holistic processing only? The role of the right fusiform face area in radiological expertise

The right fusiform face area (FFA) is more active in radiologists in training during holistic diagnostic processing compared to laypeople, but not in search-to-find mode.

How Do Expectations Shape Perception?

Prior knowledge about the probabilistic structure of the world significantly enhances perception and decision-making, with neural sources and targets of expectations playing a crucial role in perceptual decision-making.

The Neural Correlates of Hierarchical Predictions for Perceptual Decisions

Our brain continuously updates distinct representations of hierarchical predictions, affecting perceptual decisions in a dynamically changing environment.

Prior expectations induce prestimulus sensory templates

Prior expectations can induce preactivation of sensory templates in the brain, suggesting a neural mechanism for predictive perception.

Functional dissociation of stimulus intensity encoding and predictive coding of pain in the insula

The insula processes pain perception differently, encoding stimulus intensity and predicting pain responses based on beliefs about the world.

A review of predictive coding algorithms

Predictive coding algorithms differ in their approach to fitting a generative model to sensory data, optimizing the fit, and their relationship to neurobiology.

The Faces in Radiological Images: Fusiform Face Area Supports Radiological Expertise.

The fusiform face area (FFA) can distinguish between X-rays and other stimuli, supporting the expertise view that it is involved in holistic processing.

Predictive coding for motion stimuli in human early visual cortex

Predictive coding mechanisms in early visual cortex, V1, V2, and V3, enable stable percepts from highly dynamic visual input.

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