Paper
Why Stress Is Bad for Your Brain
Published Aug 9, 1996 · R. Sapolsky
Science
Q1 SJR score
1,333
Citations
37
Influential Citations
Abstract
Several recent studies of humans correlate stress with atrophy of the hippocampus, an area of the brain required for memory and cognition. In his Perspective, Sapolsky argues that the underlying causal agent may be glucocorticoids secreted in abnormally high amounts under stressful conditions.
Study Snapshot
Stress can lead to atrophy of the hippocampus, a brain area crucial for memory and cognition, with glucocorticoids playing a role in this process.
PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)
Sample size24
MethodsObservational
OutcomesBody Mass Index projections
ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.
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References
Chronic Psychosocial Stress Causes Apical Dendritic Atrophy of Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neurons in Subordinate Tree Shrews
Chronic psychosocial stress leads to specific structural changes in subordinate male tree shrews' hippocampal neurons, likely mediated by activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal-axis and endogenous excitatory amino acids.
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Hippocampal atrophy in recurrent major depression.
Major depression is associated with hippocampal atrophy, possibly due to glucocorticoid neurotoxicity, with smaller volumes correlating to the duration of depression.
1996·1913citations·Y. Sheline et al.·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.
Smaller right hippocampal volume in PTSD patients is associated with functional deficits in verbal memory.
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The glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis suggests that stress and aging contribute to brain damage, but more research is needed to understand basic cellular mechanisms and individual susceptibility to stress-induced brain changes.
1992·111citations·Bruce S. McEwen·Progress in brain research
Progress in brain research
Citations
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Detection of human salivary stress biomarkers using an easy-to-use array sensor based on fluorescent organic molecules.
Our prototype device, using a biomimetic tongue-mimic and optical transducer, can detect cortisol, dopamine, and adrenaline in human saliva without pre-treatments, providing valuable information for stress management and medical applications.
2024·0citations·Rossella Santonocito et al.·Biosensors & bioelectronics
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The Immediate Psycho-Trauma Intervention (IPTI) significantly reduces PTSD risk in medics after mass medical events, with fewer symptoms and negative effects compared to non-IPTI recipients.
2024·0citations·Erez Yaakobi et al.·Psychiatry Research
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Orienteering Is More than Just Running! Acute Effect of Competitive Pressure on Autonomic Cardiac Activity among Elite Orienteering Athletes
Elite orienteers' errors significantly impact heart rate variability, providing valuable information for coaches and sport psychologists to design effective training programs.
2024·0citations·Recep Gorgulu et al.·Medicina
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Behavioral Training in First-Generation Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) for Improved Husbandry and Veterinary Procedures
Behavioral training can effectively train wild long-tailed macaques to cooperate with routine care procedures, enhancing their welfare and reducing risks to both animals and care staff.
2024·0citations·Lalitta Suriya-Arunroj et al.·Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI
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Enduring memory consequences of early-life stress / adversity: Structural, synaptic, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms
Early-life stress and adversity can lead to lifelong memory impairments, with mechanisms ranging from molecular to cellular to circuit-level.
2024·0citations·T. Baram et al.·Neurobiology of Stress
Neurobiology of Stress