Synthesis and Characterization of Ethyl Formate Precursor for Activated Release Application.

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06335

Paper

Synthesis and Characterization of Ethyl Formate Precursor for Activated Release Application.

Published Nov 22, 2019 · Amr Zaitoon, L. Lim, C. Scott-dupree

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Q1 SJR score

12

Citations

0

Influential Citations

Full textSemantic Scholar

Abstract

Ethyl formate (EF) is a generally-recognized-as-safe flavoring agent commonly used in the food industry. It is a naturally-occurring volatile with insecticidal and antimicrobial properties, promising as an alternate fumigant to methyl bromide which is undesirable due to its ozone depletion in the stratosphere and toxic properties. However, EF is highly volatile, flammable, and susceptible to hydrolytic degradation. These properties present considerable end-use challenges. In this study, a precursor of EF was synthesized via the condensation reaction of adipic acid dihydrazide and triethyl orthoformate to form diethyl N,N'-adipoyldiformohydrazonate, as confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the precursor had a melting point of 174°C. The physical properties of the precursor were studied using scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis, which showed that the precursor made up of agglomerated particulates with irregular shapes and sizes. The resulting precursor was non-volatile and remained stable under dry condition but could be hydrolyzed readily to trigger the release of EF. The release behaviors of EF from the precursor was evaluated by citric acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, showing that 0.38 ± 0.008 mg EF/mg precursor was released after 2 h at 25°C, representing about 98% of the theoretical loading. Both EF release rate and its total release amount decreased significantly (p<0.05) with decreasing temperature and relative humidity. The conversion of the highly volatile EF into a solid-state precursor, in conjunction with the activated release strategy, can be useful for controlled release of EF for fumigation and other applications in destroying insect pests and inhibiting the proliferation of spoilage microorganisms.

Study Snapshot

A solid-state precursor of ethyl formate, synthesized through condensation reaction, can be used for controlled release in fumigation and other applications to destroy insect pests and inhibit spoilage microorganisms.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

Sign up to use Study Snapshot

Consensus is limited without an account. Create an account or sign in to get more searches and use the Study Snapshot.

Create an account

Paper

Synthesis and Characterization of Ethyl Formate Precursor for Activated Release Application.

Sign up to use Study Snapshot

References

Innovative processes and technologies for modified atmosphere packaging of fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables

New modified atmosphere packaging processes and technologies can extend the shelf-life of minimally processed fresh fruits and vegetables, improving quality preservation and consumer acceptability.

Postharvest losses of fruit and vegetables during retail and in consumers’ homes: Quantifications, causes, and means of prevention

Reducing food loss and waste during retail and consumption is crucial for combating global hunger and improving food security.

Triggered release of hexanal from an imidazolidine precursor encapsulated in poly(lactic acid) and ethylcellulose carriers

The hexanal precursor developed in this study can enhance storage stability of fresh produce by delivering hexanal and other aldehydes through active packaging.

Ethyl Formate Fumigation of Dry and Semidry Date Fruits: Experimental Kinetics, Modeling, and Lethal Effect on Carob Moth

Ethyl formate fumigation effectively controls carob moth eggs, third-instars, and pupae, with 91.6% mortality of fifth-instars, making it a potential alternative to methyl bromide for date fruit disinfestations.

Nanotechnology development in food packaging: A review

Nanotechnology in food packaging enhances barrier properties, antimicrobial properties, and shelf-life extension, while also improving communication and freshness indicators.

Citations

Ethyl formate: A comprehensive review on its Function as a fumigant for stored products

Ethyl formate is a versatile fumigant for stored products, effective against stored product insects, and can be combined with other treatments to optimize pest management strategies.

Deliquescence‐induced release of ethyl formate and chlorine dioxide from their precursors‐loaded sachets for in‐package fumigation of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura)

Moisture-activated sachets for ethyl formate and chlorine dioxide can safely be used for in-package fumigation to control spotted wing drosophila in produce packaging, offering an environmentally benign alternative to methyl bromide.

Tough and Solvent-Proof Polyamide-hydrazides Containing Aliphatic and Aromatic Supramolecular Segments

This study presents a synergistic strategy to toughen polyamides by interplaying aliphatic and aromatic supramolecular segments, resulting in high strength, toughness, and solvent resistance.

Physical & Chemical Microwave Ablation (MWA) Enabled by Nonionic MWA Nanosensitizers Repress Incomplete MWA-Arised Liver Tumor Recurrence.

Nonionic microwave ablation nanosensitizers, encapsulating ethyl formate and doxorubicin in liposomes, effectively inhibit liver tumor growth and recurrence by downregulating Epha2 gene and unconventional signal pathways.

Triggered and controlled release of active gaseous/volatile compounds for active packaging applications of agri-food products: A review.

Encapsulation and triggered release systems using precursor technology enable safe and effective use of active gaseous/volatile compounds in active packaging for agri-food products.

In-package fumigation of blueberries using ethyl formate: Effects on spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura) mortality and fruit quality

In-package ethyl formate fumigation using an EF precursor effectively controls spotted-wing drosophila in blueberries without significantly affecting fruit quality.

Synergistic Effects and Toxic Mechanism of Phosphine with Ethyl Formate against Citrus Mealybug (Planococcus citri)

Combining phosphine and ethyl formate can shorten treatment time and reduce resistance in citrus mealybug control.