Paper
Lay theories of willpower
Published Apr 1, 2018 · Z. Francis, V. Job
Social and Personality Psychology Compass
Q1 SJR score
33
Citations
1
Influential Citations
Abstract
Some people believe that willpower relies on a limited resource and that performing cognitive work (such as using self-control) results in mental fatigue. Others believe that willpower is nonlimited and that performing cognitive work instead prepares and energizes them for more. These differing lay theories of willpower determine whether or not one’s self-control performance actually does decrease or increase after use, with only limited-willpower theorists showing a decrease (the ego depletion effect). Due to the self-control requirements of everyday life, willpower theories also predict outcomes across domains of academics, health, goal-progress, interpersonal relationships, and well-being. Generally, limited-willpower theorists’ belief in their limited capacity results in poorer outcomes, particularly during times of high demand. By understanding how willpower theories form and function, interventions that encourage nonlimited willpower theories may be created to improve people’s performance and well-being.
Study Snapshot
Willpower theories influence performance and well-being, with limited-willpower theories leading to poorer outcomes in various domains.
PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)
Sample size24
MethodsObservational
OutcomesBody Mass Index projections
ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.
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References
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Citations
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Internal, external, genetic, or cultural? Lay theories about racial health disparities predict perceived threat, adherence, and policy support
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Social and Personality Psychology Compass
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When more is less: Self-control strategies are seen as less indicative of self-control than just willpower
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