Toxicology of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its determination in serum and brain tissue using gas chromatography-electron-capture detection.

doi:10.1093/JAT/19.4.251

Paper

Toxicology of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its determination in serum and brain tissue using gas chromatography-electron-capture detection.

Published Jul 1, 1995 · G. H. Oliveira, J. Palermo-neto

Journal of analytical toxicology

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16

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Abstract

A gas-liquid chromatographic method with an electron-capture detector was applied for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) determination in the serum and brain tissue of rats acutely intoxicated with the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D. After extraction with ethyl ether, 2,4-D derivatization was performed using 2-chloroethanol and BCI3. The average recovery values found for serum and brain tissue were 98.5 +/- 4.8 and 93.3 +/- 7.5, respectively. The sensitivity limit of the method was 250 ng/mL for serum and 300 ng/g for brain tissue. The toxic effects of 2,4-D in rats were observed within one-half hour after its oral administration. Results suggest that the toxic mechanism of 2,4-D is related to an action on the central nervous system.

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Animal Study

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2,4-D toxic effects in rats are observed within half an hour of oral administration, suggesting its central nervous system action.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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Paper

Toxicology of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its determination in serum and brain tissue using gas chromatography-electron-capture detection.

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References

Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on open-field behaviour and neurochemical parameters of rats.

Diethylamine 2,4-D decreases serotonin levels in rats' striatal bloodstream and increases 5-HIAA levels in the brain stem, affecting their behavior and neurochemical activity.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intoxication increases its accumulation within the brain

Exposure to 2,4-D may increase the retention of potentially toxic anions within the CNS due to competitive inhibition of the organic anion transport system.

Toxicologic studies in a fatal overdose of 2,4-D, MCPP, and chlorpyrifos.

A fatal overdose of 2,4-D, MCPP, and chlorpyrifos was associated with decreased neurotoxic esterase activity in lymphocytes and postmortem nervous tissue.

Analysis of pesticide residues by chemical derivatization. V. Multiresidue analysis of eight phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in natural waters.

The boron trichloride reaction provides the cleanest blanks for analyzing phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in natural waters, with the 2-chloroethyl reaction being more specific and easier to form.

Gas-liquid chromatographic method with electron-capture detection for the determination of residues of some phenoxyacetic acid herbicides in water as their 2,2,2-trichloroethyl esters.

This method effectively determines residues of 2,4-D and MCPA in water, with sensitivity comparable to that of 2-chloro- and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl esters.

Citations

Determination of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in rat serum for pharmacokinetic studies with a simple HPLC method

This HPLC method with UV detection effectively determines 2,4-D in rat serum, allowing for pharmacokinetic studies and a simple, rapid method for analyzing its pharmacokinetics.

Biodegradation of the Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by a New Isolated Strain of Achromobacter sp. LZ35

A new Achromobacter sp. LZ35 strain efficiently degrades 2,4-D and MCPA in soil, potentially aiding in bioremediation of 2,4-D- or MCPA-contaminated sites.

Dissipation and residue of 2,4-d in citrus under field condition

Under field condition, 2,4-d residues in citrus do not degrade gradually, and no significant health risks were found after consumption.

Microbial degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: Insight into the enzymes and catabolic genes involved, their regulation and biotechnological implications

Recent advancements in 2,4-D biodegradation reveal enzymes and genes involved, with potential biotechnological implications for reducing environmental impact.

Bioremediation of a mineral soil with high contents of clay and organic matter contaminated with herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using slurry bioreactors: Effect of electron acceptor and supplementation with an organic carbon source

Slurry bioreactors effectively remove herbicide 2,4-D from mineral agricultural soils with high clay and organic matter, with higher removal rates in sulphate-reducing conditions.