Metamemory scale

Introduction

Metamemory refers to an individual's knowledge and awareness of their own memory capabilities and the strategies they use to manage and enhance memory performance. This concept is crucial in various contexts, including educational settings, clinical assessments, and cognitive research. Several scales and questionnaires have been developed to measure different aspects of metamemory, each with unique psychometric properties and applications.

Key Insights

Factor Structure and Validity:
- The Eyewitness Metamemory Scale (EMS) and the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ) both demonstrate good factorial validity, internal consistency, and content validity, making them reliable tools for assessing metamemory in specific contexts .
- The Abridged Dutch Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) Questionnaire maintains its factor structure and internal consistency even after reducing the number of items, supporting its use across different populations.
Age, Gender, and Cohort Effects:
- Studies using the MIA have shown that metamemory beliefs and strategy use vary with age, gender, and cohort. Women generally report higher use of memory strategies and greater memory efficacy, control, and anxiety compared to men .
- Age-related differences in metamemory are evident, with older adults showing different patterns in self-efficacy and strategy use compared to younger individuals .
Psychometric Properties:
- The Students' Metamemory Scale and the Metamemory Scale for Adolescents both exhibit high reliability and validity, making them suitable for educational and research purposes .
- The Bayesian Inference Model for Metamemory (BIM) provides a computational framework for understanding how individuals integrate processing experience and prior beliefs during metamemory monitoring, offering a new perspective on metamemory assessment.
Clinical and Diagnostic Utility:
- Metamemory assessments, such as subjective memory judgments, can be useful in clinical settings for identifying cognitive impairments. However, their diagnostic utility may be limited compared to standard cognitive screening instruments.

Conclusion

The research on metamemory scales highlights the importance of reliable and valid tools for assessing memory awareness and strategies across different populations and contexts. While various scales like the EMS, MMQ, and MIA have demonstrated strong psychometric properties, the influence of age, gender, and cohort on metamemory beliefs and strategy use is significant. Additionally, computational models like BIM offer new insights into the metamemory monitoring process. Despite their potential, the clinical utility of metamemory assessments requires further investigation to establish their effectiveness compared to traditional cognitive screening methods.

Summary

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Development and validation of the Eyewitness Metamemory Scale

The Eyewitness Metamemory Scale (EMS) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing self-ratings of face recognition capacity and use of memory strategies in eyewitness identification settings.

The Abridged Dutch Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) Questionnaire: structure and effects of age, sex, and education.

The Dutch Abridged Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) questionnaire maintains its factor structure and reliability, and can be used cross-nationally to evaluate subjective memory functioning.

Age, cohort, and period effects on metamemory beliefs.

Metamemory beliefs show age sensitivity from middle age to old age, with women showing higher memory efficacy, control, anxiety, and motivation to have better memory.

Psychometric properties of a new metamemory questionnaire for older adults.

The Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ) is a reliable and valid metamemory questionnaire for older adults, providing useful information for clinical assessment and research purposes.

The psychometric characteristics of the students' metamemory scale

The developed psychometric scale for measuring metamemory in students has high validity and reliability, indicating its statistical validity and reliability.

On the differentiation of memory beliefs from memory knowledge: the factor structure of the Metamemory in Adulthood Scale.

The Metamemory in Adulthood Scale reveals two factors: self-efficacy beliefs and knowledge about memory, with age differences in self-efficacy beliefs.

A Bayesian Inference Model for Metamemory

The Bayesian inference model for metamemory (BIM) provides a theoretical and computational framework for evaluating memory performance by integrating processing experience and prior beliefs, and can be applied to recall or recognition tasks with confidence ratings.

Metamemory and Motivation

Metamemory has the most consistent influence on strategy use in children, with intelligence, attributional beliefs, and self-concept playing varying roles in their performance.

Comprehending memory beliefs and knowledge of adolescents: Development and Psychometric Properties of a Metamemory Scale for Adolescents

The developed metamemory scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing adolescents' knowledge and beliefs about memory, potentially impacting their classroom performance.

Metamemory: A construct with diagnostic utility in a cognitive disorders clinic?

The metamemory tests have low specificity and may not be as accurate as the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination for diagnosing cognitive impairment in cognitive disorders clinics.

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