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Some studies suggest silver ions are toxic to humans, causing oxidative stress, cell necrosis, and various systemic effects, while other studies highlight their low toxicity and beneficial antimicrobial properties.
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Silver ions (Ag+) are widely used for their antimicrobial properties in various medical and consumer products. However, their potential toxicity to human cells has raised concerns about their safety. This synthesis aims to provide a cohesive understanding of the toxic effects of silver ions on human health based on multiple research studies.
Oxidative Stress and Cellular Damage:
Toxic Concentration Range:
Organ-Specific Toxicity:
Neurotoxicity:
Metabolism and Excretion:
Silver ions exhibit toxic effects on human cells primarily through oxidative stress, leading to cellular damage, DNA damage, and apoptosis. The toxic concentration range for silver ions is similar for both bacteria and human cells, indicating a narrow margin of safety. Organ-specific toxicity, particularly in the liver and skin, and neurotoxicity are significant concerns. While silver ions are metabolized and excreted by the body, their potential to cause systemic effects and the narrow safety margin necessitate careful consideration of their use in medical and consumer products.
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