suberin from bark

Introduction

Suberin is a complex biopolymer found in the bark of various tree species. It plays a crucial role in protecting plants from environmental stresses and pathogen invasion. This synthesis aims to consolidate the findings from multiple research papers on the structure, composition, and potential applications of suberin extracted from tree bark.

Key Insights

Composition and Structure of Suberin:
- Suberin is composed of long-chain fatty acids, glycerol, and various hydroxyacids and diacids, which form a complex polyester structure .
- The primary monomers identified include fatty acid methyl esters (C17-C19), mono-carboxylic acids (C7-C16), alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acids (C7-C16), and omega-hydroxy long-chain fatty acids (C16-C22) .
- Glycerol is a significant component, accounting for 14-26% of the suberin content in different species .
Extraction and Analysis Techniques:
- Various methods such as saponification, methanolysis, and the use of ionic liquids have been employed to extract and analyze suberin from bark .
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are commonly used for the structural elucidation of suberin .
- Advanced techniques like RNA-Seq and MALDI-Tof analysis have been utilized to understand the genetic regulation and polymeric structure of suberin .
Biological and Functional Roles:
- Suberin acts as a protective barrier in the periderm (cork) of plants, contributing to their defense against pathogens and environmental stresses .
- It is involved in the formation of impervious cell layers in wounded and infected bark, enhancing the plant's resilience.
Potential Applications:
- The high thermal stability and oligomeric/polymeric nature of suberin make it a promising candidate for developing bio-based polymeric materials .
- Suberin-rich agro-forest residues can be valorized for the production of value-added chemicals and new materials .

Conclusion

Suberin from tree bark is a complex biopolymer with significant protective functions in plants. It is primarily composed of long-chain fatty acids, glycerol, and various hydroxyacids and diacids. Advanced extraction and analysis techniques have provided detailed insights into its structure and composition. The high thermal stability and polymeric nature of suberin open up new possibilities for its use in bio-based materials, contributing to the valorization of agro-forest residues.

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Summary

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Structural Elucidation of Suberin from the Bark of Cultivated Willow (Salix sp.).

Suberin acids, mainly fatty acids, contribute to the therapeutic effects of willow bark extracts, and understanding their structure could enhance their potential for full valorization.

Reconstructing the suberin pathway in poplar by chemical and transcriptomic analysis of bark tissues

This study identified 455 genes potentially involved in suberin biosynthesis and regulation in poplar bark, contributing to our understanding of tree bark development at the molecular level.

Methanolysis of bark suberins: analysis of glycerol and acid monomers.

Glycerol and,-diacids are dominant monomers in bark suberins from Pseudotsuga menziesii and Quercus suber, supporting a polymeric structure based on their successive esterification.

Intracellular Suberin: Occurrence and Detection in Tree Bark

Intracellular suberin linings are found in impervious tissues of tree bark, indicating their importance in maintaining tree bark's imperviousness.

Structural characterization of suberan isolated from river birch (Betula nigra) bark

Suberan from river birch (Betula nigra) bark is a polymethylenic biopolymer with a high degree of crystallinity, providing a primary structural difference between suberan and suberin.

Isolation of suberin from birch outer bark and cork using ionic liquids: A new source of macromonomers

Cholinium hexanoate effectively extracts suberin from birch outer bark and cork, offering potential for bio-based polymeric materials and promoting the valorisation of suberin-rich agro-forest residues.

Chemical investigation of barks from broad-leaved tree species using EGA-MS and GC/MS

Bark from broad-leaved trees is rich in suberin, a biopolyester, which can be converted into value-added chemicals and new materials, not just for energy recovery.

Quercus suber and Betula pendula outer barks as renewable sources of oleochemicals: A comparative study

Oak cork and birch outer bark are renewable sources of oleochemicals, with suberin contents varying between 30% and 45%, and their chemical compositions impacting their potential exploitation in industrial by-products.

Analytical Method Cluster Development for Comprehensive Characterisation of Suberinic Acids Derived from Birch Outer Bark

This study optimized GC-MS, GPC, and MALDI-Tof methods to characterize suberinic acids from birch outer bark, revealing its rich content of diols, fatty acids, hydroxyacids, diacids, and carbohydrates.

IR, 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Suberin from Beech Barks (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Suberin extracted from beech barks (Fagus sylvatica L.) reveals the presence of aliphatic protons and carbons from phenylpropenoid units, confirming its depolymerization results and confirming the model proposed by Kolattukudy

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