What is the half-life of caffeine?
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Introduction
Caffeine is a widely consumed stimulant found in various beverages and foods. Understanding its half-life, which is the time it takes for the concentration of caffeine in the blood to reduce by half, is crucial for assessing its effects on different organisms and under various conditions.
Key Insights
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General Half-Life in Animals:
- In pigs, the biological half-life of caffeine is approximately 12 hours after ingestion or injection.
- In camels, the elimination half-life of caffeine ranges from 21.2 to 58.9 hours.
- In horses, the elimination half-life of caffeine is around 10.18 hours.
- In rabbits, the elimination half-life of caffeine is about 3.8 hours.
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Half-Life in Humans:
- In non-pregnant women, the half-life of caffeine is around 3 hours.
- During the last 4 weeks of pregnancy, the half-life increases significantly to about 10.5 hours.
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Half-Life in Infants:
- In premature infants, the half-life of caffeine is prolonged, averaging 97.6 hours during the neonatal period and gradually decreasing to adult values (around 6 hours) by 60 weeks postconceptional age.
- In preterm infants older than 2 weeks, the half-life of caffeine is approximately 52.03 hours.
Conclusion
The half-life of caffeine varies significantly across different species and under different physiological conditions. In general, it ranges from a few hours in rabbits to several days in premature infants. In humans, the half-life is typically around 3 hours but can extend to over 10 hours during pregnancy and up to 97.6 hours in neonates. Understanding these variations is essential for tailoring caffeine consumption and therapeutic interventions appropriately.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE OF CAFFEINE IN PIGS
The pharmacokinetics, metabolism and urinary detection time of caffeine in camels.
Maturational changes of caffeine concentrations and disposition in infancy during maintenance therapy for apnea of prematurity: influence of gestational age, hepatic disease, and breast-feeding.
Caffeine clearance in the horse
Metabolism, distribution, seminal excretion and pharmacokinetics of caffeine in the rabbit.
The effect of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine.
Caffeine pharmacokinetics in preterm infants older than 2 weeks.
Serum caffeine half-lives. Healthy subjects vs. patients having alcoholic hepatic disease.
The psychopharmacological and electrophysiological effects of single doses of caffeine in healthy human subjects.
The absolute bioavailability of caffeine in man
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