What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?
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Symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Comprehensive Overview
Common Symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a prevalent vaginal infection characterized by a shift in the vaginal flora from predominantly Lactobacillus species to a polymicrobial flora. This condition can present with a variety of symptoms, although many women may remain asymptomatic.
Vaginal Discharge
One of the most common symptoms of BV is an abnormal vaginal discharge. This discharge is typically described as thin, white or gray, and homogeneous . It may also be increased in volume compared to normal vaginal secretions .
Vaginal Odor
A distinctive fishy odor is another hallmark symptom of BV. This odor is often more noticeable after sexual intercourse and is due to the production of amines by the anaerobic bacteria that proliferate in BV .
Elevated Vaginal pH
Women with BV often have an elevated vaginal pH, typically greater than 4.5. This is a result of the reduction in Lactobacillus species, which normally help maintain an acidic vaginal environment .
Clue Cells
The presence of clue cells, which are vaginal epithelial cells coated with bacteria, is a diagnostic criterion for BV. These cells can be observed under a microscope and are indicative of the bacterial overgrowth associated with BV .
Other Symptoms
Additional symptoms that may be associated with BV include vaginal itching, irritation, and a sensation of vaginal wetness . Some women may also experience abdominal pain, intermenstrual bleeding, or prolonged menstrual periods.
Asymptomatic Cases
It is important to note that up to 50% of women with BV may be asymptomatic and not experience any noticeable symptoms . This asymptomatic nature can complicate the diagnosis and management of BV, as many women may not seek medical attention until complications arise.
Conclusion
Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal infection with a wide range of symptoms, including abnormal vaginal discharge, fishy odor, elevated vaginal pH, and the presence of clue cells. However, a significant proportion of women may remain asymptomatic. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for the timely diagnosis and treatment of BV to prevent potential complications.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Associations Between Vaginal Bacteria and Bacterial Vaginosis Signs and Symptoms: A Comparative Study of Kenyan and American Women
Bacterial vaginosis: a public health review
Diagnosis and clinical manifestations of bacterial vaginosis.
Bacterial vaginosis-A brief synopsis of the literature.
Vulvovaginal Symptoms in Women With Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial Vaginosis: A Clinical Update with a Focus on Complementary and Alternative Therapies.
The Human Microbiome during Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis.
The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in the United States, 2001–2004; Associations With Symptoms, Sexual Behaviors, and Reproductive Health
Antibiotics for treating bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy.
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